Editor

Dr. O. P. Singh

Director of Agriculture

(Drop Husbandry &

Minor Irrigation)

Joint Editors

H. Thankhuma

Dy. Director of Agriculture

(Extension)

R. Zoramthanga

AAIO

Directorate of Agriculture

Cir. Manager

Laldinpuii

S.D.A.O

Zoram Loneitu-a

thu chhuah duh nei

emaw, lehkha thawn

duh emaw chuan a

hnuaia Address-ah

thawn tur a ni.

Editor

ZORAM LONEITU

P.O. Box – 098

Dte. of Agriculture,

Mizoram : Aizawl.

Pin - 796001

CONTENT

ZORAM LONEITU 2003

1. Editorial ……………………………………………..……………………….…….. 1

2. Lehkhathawn …………………………………….…………………………...…. 2

1. Evan K. Denghmingthanga

N. Vanlaiphai.

2. H. Lalbiakkunga,

Secretary, AMFU, Hortoki

3. Improved Seed ]hat bikna leh a enkawl dan………………...…….. 4

- C. Lalniliana, Jt. Director of Agriculture

4. Farm Power and Machinery General Know

How for Extension Workers ………………………………………………. 8

- Lalchhanliana, Asst. Engineer (M.I)

5. Tam zawk leh hlawk zawk a thlai kan thar theih nan

leh kan thlawhhma te ]angkai zawk a hman dan ………………. 13

- H. Joela, S.O-cum-S.A.

6. Himachal Pradesh Farmer Tour, 2003 Report …………….……. 17

- F. Lalthanzama, N. Vanlaiphai.

7. Mau tam hi eng vang nge ? ………………………………….……….……. 21

- K. Lalbuatsaiha,

SMS(PP), DAO Office, Kolasib

8. Theirah puakkeh/kak ……….…..……………………………………….… 23

- Lalrinsangi, Facilitator.

9. Broccoli ]angkaina kan hmuh chhuah thar .............................. 27

- Lalrinliana, DAO, Aizawl.

10. Sazu tûr leh a hman dan …………………………………………………… 28

- James Lalsiamliana, APPO.

11. Agriculture hi ka nunna a ni ……………………………………..……… 31

- J. Lalpuithanga Sailo, AEO(Rtd.)

12. Remote Sensing leh Agriculture inlaichinna …………………….. 33

- C. Rohmingliana, AEO

13. Uses of Bio-fertilizers for sustainable Crop production …..... 36

- Dr. K. Laxminarayana, ICAR, Kolasib

14. KEIMAHNI …………………………………………………………….…………… 42

Editorial

an tunlai khawvelah hian hringfate thiamna hi a sang em em tawh a. Khawvel pang

leh lam amite nen pawh inhmachhawna ]hu ang maiin kan in be thei a. Kristianna avangin

khawvel inlumlet hrethiam phakin kan awm a, kan vannei em em a ni. Pathian malsawmna

kan dawn hi a man chhiarsen a nilo. Amaherawhchu, kan incheina, kan chenna leh kan

thiamna ten heti taka hma a sawn lai hian, Rihartuiphur ang maia hmasawn ve reng reng lo a

awm a, he kan thil hlamchhiah hi thildang nen a kal kawp zel a nih loh chuan mite nuihzatbur

a min siamtu a ni a, kan hnamzia puanchhuahna hmanrua pawh a ni thei. Chu kan thil

hlamchhiah chu thlai kan ling emaw kan phun sawn hote reng reng tlar fel tak neia kan tuh

ngai lo hi a ni. Keini aia hnufual zawk leh zirnaa hniam hote pawh hian eng thlai pawh ching ta

se tlar fel tak neiin an ching ]hin. Keini erawhchu Kristian kan nih hma leh ziak leh chhiar kan

thiam hma ang chiahin kum 2003 ah pawh kan la chhunzawm tho mai a, kan leiletah emaw,

huanah emaw pawh thlawhhma zauh belh chuang lova, thar tam lehzual tum pawh kan awm

hek lo. A ]ulna chhan, a pawimawhna chhan kan la hriat loh vang te pawh a ni ang e.

Hemi kawnga kan hmasawn theihlohna chhan hi, Tlangram Lo, kumtina thlawhhma

thar kan lak leh ]hin vang leh awihpanga chetla reng kan nih vangte pawh a ni ang e. Kan

thlawhhma a zim em vang pawh a ni thei bawk ang. Kan mithiam hmasa zingah, loneih lam zir

kan awm lova, chhungtin ten khamkhawp kan thar ]hin vang te pawh a ni mahna. Anih leh, a

tlar (thlai bi) hlat zawng leh a tuh inkar hlat zawng fel taka siam chu a ]ulna chhan eng nge ni

ta ang? Hetianga kan thlai chin leh phun hote a tlar leh a bi, tlar fel taka kan siam chuan,

kawng hrang hrangin kan hlawkpui dawn a ni. Chungte chu a thlawhfai a awlsam bik a, thlai bi

a leng hnem zawk bawk. Lei]ha pek a awlsam phah a, tuilian leh thlipui ten an tih chhiat pawh

in siam ]hat a awlsam bik. Kan tharchhuah a tam phah a, ram awl leh kal kan a awm ve lova.

Kan ram neih chhun chu a ]angkai thei ang berin kan hmang a. A venhim hna leh a tharchhuah

sengkhawm a awlsam in, hun leh tha kan seng tlem bawk. Hetiang taka a ]hat zawk avang

hian, tlangram buh tuh leh thlai chi thlak ang maia ti tawh lo in, tlar fel tak leh a thlai bi thlak

hlat zawng uluk takin ti tawh ]hin ila. Tun aia hlu zawkin kan ram kan hmang tawh anga, kan

sengkhawm tam zawk bawk ang.

Mihring kan pung zel a, kan ram erawh a zau belh lo. Hetiang taka thlawhhma

sawngbawl hi tun a]anga reiloteah kan tih a la ngai ngei dawn a ni tih hi thlasik anga khêllo-in

kan tawng chhoh tur a ni si a.

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ZORAM LONEITU

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To,

The Editor,

Zoram Loneitu

Department of Agriculture

Mizoram, Aizawl

Subj :- Lawmthu sawina

Ka pu,

Zoram Loneitu chanchinbu copy 10 chuang lai min rawn thawn fo tak avangin lawmthu

ka sawi tak zet zet a ni. Chanchinbu thlalak (thlai chin) Dated in rawn dah lang ]hin hian mite

chet hun min rawn hrilh nghal mai a, han dah zel turin ka ngen bawk a che u.

Tin, thu ziaktuten gram leh a buk tawk, Ha leh Zopa fing zau zawng, ml. leh a hen tawk,

Litre leh No engzatnge in hen, Acre leh a zau zawng te lutuk awm lo thleng a Zo]awnga min

dah/ziah sak ka duh hle mai. Zoram Loneitu min rawn thawn zel turin ka ngen che a. Ka

]angkaipui bakah khawhar ina Nu leh Pa bakah Nula leh Tlangval rual bulah ka Sermon nghal

zel mai asin.

I rintlak,

Evan. K. Denghmingthanga

12.6.2003 N. Mualcheng

ZORAM LONEITU

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- 2 - -

To,

The Editor,

Zoram Loneitu

Deptt. of Agriculture

Aizawl, Mizoram

Subj :- Lawmthu sawina

Ka Pu,

I chanchinbu zahawm takah ka thu rawn sawi hi khawngaih taka min lo chhuak sak

turin ka ngen a che.

Hetiangin :

Hortoki khua hi Aizawl - Silchar Road-a Kawnpui khaw tlak lam 17Km Tlawngkama

awm, Kolasib District a ni a. Mizoram M.L.A bial-ah Kawnpui Constituency ami a ni. Tin, Motor

Truck T.M.B kal theihna a ni a, In 400 khua niin mihring 3000 (sangthum) deuh thaw awmna a

ni. Hortoki khua mi chengte hi Tlangram Lo, Leilet leh Huan siama khawsa kan ni ber, Sorkar

Department hrang hrang hnuaia Sorkar hnathawk engemaw zat kan awm bawk. Tin, Hortoki

khua a mi chengte hian Hatkora kan chin hnem avangin Hatkora khawpui ti a hriat a ni bawk.

Kan thupuiah lo lut tawh ila :-

District Agriculture Officer (D.A.O) Kolasib - Pu R. L. Thanzuala hma lakna avangin keini

Hortoki khua a kut hnathawktute chuan, Thlasik thlai chi (Nul thlai chi) chin tur kan neiin

Thlasik thlai chi hrang hrang hlawhtling takin kan thar a, kan lawm tak zet zet a ni.

Kum 2002-2003 chhung hian Hortoki kut hnathawktute hian thlasik thlai kan thar

chhuah leh Tlawng phai hausakna chawhmeh chi a]angin Rs. 1,00,000/- (cheng nuai khat) vel

zet kan lei niin kan in hria. Heng kan thlai tharchhuah chawhmeh chi leh Tlawng phai

hausakna chawhmeh chi te hi Aizawl Bazar-ah leh Kolasib tlangdungah kan hralh ]hin.

Tin, heng kan thlai tharchhuah te hi Hortoki Maxicab phurh sen chi a nih loh avangin

Bialtu M.L.A zahawm tak, Vice Chairman, Mizoram Planning Board ni bawk

Pu Sanghmingthanga H. Pautu in a phurh chhuahna turin Agriculture Department Motor

Mitsubishi min pe a. Hortoki khaw mipui a chungah kan lawm ém ém a ni. Hetia Sorkar ina

kan khua min ngaihsak avang hian kan hla tharah “Lawmna tur hlir a lo ni” kan ti kan ti ta mai.

I rintlak,

Sd/-

H. LALBIAKKUNGA

Secretary

AMFU Branch Hortoki

ZORAM LONEITU

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IMPROVED SEED }HAT BIKNA LEH A ENKAWL DAN

C. Lalniliana, M.Sc(Agri.)

Jt. Director of Agricualture.

INTRODUCTION

Thlaichi (Seed) hi kan hmu ngun a, a makzia leh a nihphung danglam dan erawh kan

ngaihtuah ngai awm love. Thlaichi hi thil nung te reuhte a vawngtu timur kara lo in phum, a

duhzawng leh a mamawh hmun taka dah a, ]iak a, thing lian tak emaw thlai ruangam hrawl

taka lo ]iak thei chi nung chu a ni. A chhiat mai loh nan kawrin emaw a tuam a, heng kawr te hi

sak tak tak te pawh a ni ]hin. Heng kawr te hian chi nungte hi lum leh vawt lutuk a]ang te, tui

lak a]ang te leh a vel a nunna atana thil duhawmlo lakah a veng him ]hin. Thlaichi te hi an

thaw reng a, hnawngin a chiah hnem poh leh a thaw rang ]hin a, chu chuan thlaichi a ti chhe

hma ]hin a ni. Thlaichi hi a awmna puala tui hip thuai thei tura duan a ni a, chuvang chuan,

thlaichi ]ha rei tur chuan a dahna hmun chu a hulin boruak a hmu tawk tur a ni.

Thlaichi pawimawh zia hi kan Bible a ‘tuh rah seng’ a lo tehkhin a]ang khan kan hre thei

mai awm e. ‘As you sow so you reap’ tih a lo ni reng a, hei hian thlaichi ]ha kan tuh chuan a rah

]ha kan seng dawn a ni tih a ti chiang hle a ni. Thlaichi ]ha (improved seed) chin hi ram

changkang apiangin a ]ul zia an hria a, India ramah pawh improved seed hi farmer ten an chin

loh chuan ei leh bar ah kan intodelh dawn lo tih an lo hriat avangin a hnuaia mi ang hian

kawng hrang hrang in hma an la a ni.

THLAICHI }HA NEIHNA ATANA

HMALAK TAWH DAN :

Kum 1922 ah Grow More Food

Enquiry Committee din a niin thlaichi ]ha

loneitute chin tur a vang a ni tih an lo

hmuchhuak a, chumi kum vek chuan Expert

Standing Committee din a ni bawk.

Kum 1960 velah All India Co-

ordinated Maize Improvement Programme

din a ni a, hei hian nasa takin India ram

Agriculture dinhmun a sawi danglam a ni.

Din a nih a]ang a Kum 4 chhungin Hybrid

Maize chi 4 lai a siam chhuak a ni. Hetiang

bawk hian Faisa (Sorghum) leh Bajara

thlaichi ]ha hmuhchhuah kawngah nasa

takin an hlawhtling ta a ni.

Han kir leh ta lawk ila, Kum 1959

kum khan India ram hi buh leh balah a

intodelh lo nasa a nih kha. Indo-American

Agriculture Production Team dinin Dr.

Sherma E. Johnson kaihhruaina in India's

Food Production Problem chu chik takin an

zir a, he team hian an recommend ber chu

Village, Block leh District-a thawk

Extension Worker te hian Improved Seed

hman nachang hre turin loneitute an zirtir

tur a ni, Seed Certification hi State

Agriculture Department in ti ngei bawk se,

Co-operative emaw private in emaw

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ZORAM LONEITU

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thlaichi chu supply se tih te a ni. Tin, State

Seed Testing Laboratory te din nise Seed

Certification Standard leh Seed Laws te

buatsaiha duan fel nise tiin ngaihdan an

thlen a ni.

Kum 1961 kum khan Seed

Multiplication Team Review din a ni a,

thlaichi ]ha ]hahnem tak tih chhuah a nih

theih nan tih tur hetiang hian an duang

chhuak.

a) Chak zawk leh tam zawka thlaichi hrang

hrang chi siam chhuahte leh Breeder

Seed tam zawka tih chhuah te.

b) Rang zawk leh rualkhai zawka a chi sem

chhuah te.

c) Thlaichi (improved seed) quality vawng

]ha reng tura hma lak te chu thil ]ul ni

ah an ngai.

Kum 1963 khan National Seed

Corporation Ltd. din a lo ni a. He NSC Ltd.

hian thlaichi hrang hrang a]anga thlaichi

]ha a tam thei ang ber siam chhuak tura

thuneihna pumhlum a nei a ni. Chungte chu

1) Thalchi ]ha buatsaih.

2) Thlaichi ]ha tih chhuah leh thlaichi ]ha

a quality chhe tur ven leh thehthangah

te mawh a la a, chubakah foundation

seed leh certified seed tihchhuahte

mawh a phurin seed cenification ah leh

marketing hma lakte a ni.

Kum 1966 ah Seed Act, 1966 leh

1968 ah Seed Rule, 1968 te siam chhuah a

ni a, chumi thawm ]hat nan chuan Seed

Control Order 1983 te duan chhuah a ni

bawk. Heng dan hote hi thuam ]ha a

changtlung zawka ti danglamin nikum mai

khan Seed Act, 2002 siam chhuah a lo ni ta

nghe nghe a ni. He dan hian a tum ber chu

Farmers ten thlaichi dik leh ]ha (improved

Seed) ngat an chin theihna tura humhalhna

dan a ni. He danah hian danpui 47 a awm a,

chumi hnuaiah chuan dan sepselte te

]hahnem tak a awm bawk a ni. Central Seed

Act dan kengkawhtu tur board member lak

dan te, State Level a Seed Committee siam

dan te, Seed Testing Laboratory Central leh

State a din tur a nih dan te, thlaichi chin tur

reng reng register tur a nih dan te, Seed

(thlaichi) certified dan tur leh seed

inspector mawhphurhna te leh Minimum

Standard of Seed Certification chungchang

te leh Seed Rule bawhchhia te hremna dan

te a chuang a ni.

A chunga kan sawi tak a]ang khian

thlaichi ]ha lo chu chin a hlawk loh zia leh

Agriculture Department pawhin ]an a lak

zia a chiang mai awm e.

IMPROVED SEED (THLAICHI } HA)

}HAT BIKNA TE :

1. Improved Seed chu Technology thar

]hatzia a taka pho langtu a ni :

Thlaichi ]ha siam chhuaha a enkawl dan tur

taka enkawl thlaichi ]ha chuan nasa takin

thlai thar a ti pung a ni. Fertilizer Magazine

1975 ah chuan hetiang hian report a ni.

Cereals ah hian improved seed avang hian

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ZORAM LONEITU

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thar ]hin 100 zelah 112 in a pung a. Alu ah

hian 124% in a pung bawk, Sugar beet ah

142% in Central Europe ah te chuan a pung

bawk a ni. U.S.A ah te phei chuan heng ai

hian a la ]ha zawk nge nghe a ni. India ram

ngei ah pawh High Yield Variety Wheat

avangin ton maktaduai 12 a]angin ton

maktaduai 31.3 laiin kum 10 chhung lekin a

lo thar tam ta a ni.

2. Improved Seed chu ei leh bar thar

tamna bul tumtu pawimawh ber pakhat a

ni. High Yielding Progmmme a lo hlawhtlin

chinah India ram hian nasa takin a lo thar

hlawk ta a, mihring (population) te pung

tual tual chung hian ei leh bar atana

ramdang a]anga kan châwk luh te nasa

takin a hniam phah in thlai tam takah kan

intodelh ta hial a ni.

3. Impoved Seed chu thlai thar mumal

theihlohna hmuna thar ti tamtu a ni. Ram

hmantlak loh hmuna chin tur improved

seed te siam chhuah a nih avangin thar

hleihtheihlohna hmunah tam zawk thar

theihna chu improved variety vang a ni.

4. Improved Seed chu chhiatburhna

(Natural Calamity) tawh huna hman tur

]angkai leh samkhai a ni ]hin. Chhiatburhna

(natural calamity) entirnan - khawro emaw

tuilian emaw te avanga chhiatna a lo

thlenin improved seed hi a ]angkai em em a

ni. Thlai chin ber a lo chhiat chuan a thlak

leh vatna thlai chi a ngai ]hin a ni.

Hetiang kawng hrang hrangah hian

improved seed hi a pawimawh em em a ni.

Improved Seed han tih hian thlai chi

]ha a ni mai a, thlai chi ]ha chu kawng hrang

hrangin an siam chhuak ]hin e.g Thingtlang

]ai neitupa in a kum leha a chin tur ]ai vui

]ha leh hrisel bik a thlankhawm a]anga

thlaichi a lo siam chhuah - chu thlaichi

a]anga buh thar lo chhuak, a kum hmasa a

mi ang bawk a vui ]ha leh hrisel bik a lo

thlan leh a, chutiang zela kum engemawzat

a tih hnuah chuan thlaichi ]ha (improved

seed) a lo chhuak tawh ]hin a , chu chu

improved seed a ni mai a ni. Thlai chi chu

selection method te leh hybridization

method te in an siam chhuak ]hin.

A chunga kan han sawi tak a]ang

hian kan thlai chin hi a tam zawk hi chu

improved seed a ni kan ti thei a.

IMPROVED SEED ENKAWL DAN :

Improved Seed enkawl dan han tih

hian thil chi hnih a kawk thei ang. Pakhatna

ah chuan chu thlaichi ]ha chu chhe lo tur

leh, ]iak thei reng tura enkawl dan a kawk

thei ang. Pahnihna ah chuan heng thlai chi

]ha te china hlawk taka a tuh a]anga a seng

thleng a enkawl dan a kawk thei bawk a, a

enga ve ve pawh hi nise thil danglam the

chiam thlaichi dang enkawl dan a]angin a

awm lo.

Pahnihna a kan sawi improved seed

a]anga thlai kan chinte enkawl dan han

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ZORAM LONEITU

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sawi ta ila : Improved Seed (thlaichi ]ha)

kan tih te hi a tlangpui thu in a enkawl dan-

kûi ]iah dan te, kar hlat zawng te, fertilizer

pek dan te, thlawhfai dan te, tui pek dante

leh seng dante chu a in ang tlangpui hlawm

a; amahemwhchu, kawng engkimah thar

hlawk chi te an nih avang leh thar hma chi

te an nih avangin Agricultural Input pek

zatte hi Local Variety ai chuan a dose a sang

zawk tlangpui a ni. Chuvangchuan, Package

of Practice a an ziah tlangpui hi improved

seed enkawlna atana an recommend a ni.

Sawi tawh angin, improved variety han tih

hian engemawbik riau atana thlai chi

siamchhuah a awm ]hin, e.g Buh thar rang

IR-64 etc. buh phun a]anga a seng ni thleng

hian ni 100 vel a lo nih chuan nursery bed

ah ni 20 aia rei a awm tur a ni lova, ni 15

vela phun tling tur chuan buh chi ]ha a nih a

ngai bawk a, chuvangchuan, buh chi kûina

lei chu uluk a ngai a ni.

Drought Resistant Variety Crop te a

lo nih chuan, khawkheng ngam tur chi dum

leh hmun hnawnga chin chuan a thar

hlawkna bik a awm dawn lo a ni: Upland

Rice Variety a nih chuan dum a phun in

awmzia a nei vak lovang.

High Yielding Variety ho hi a bik taka

Trial (tihchhinna) neih hmasak a, release a

ni ]hin a, chumi a]ang chuan Agronomic

recommendation nei bik a nih chuan an

rawn ziak chhuak ]hin a, Chung chu zawm

mai tur a ni.

TPS chin dawn chuan Alu pangngai

chin tur a ni lova, heng thil bik chin dan tur

te pawh hi a tichhuaktu ten a hranpain a

chin dan tur an duang chhuak a, chu chu

zawm mai tur a ni. Chutiang zelin kar hlat

zawng (spacing) chungchangahte a bikin

Vaimimah te hian recommend anga kal hi a

]ha ]hin. Improved Seed enkawl dan hi kan

tuklawr loah te hi chuan sawi vak ngaihna a

awm lo hle. Ram]ha leh Local Variety ]hat

duhna apiangah a ]ha ve mai ]hin.

Awle, improved seed (thlaichi ]ha)

kan hmanin a chi kûi a]anga a seng thlenga

enkawl danah Standard Package of Practice

hmang mai tura recommend deuh vek an ni

a, enkawl dan danglam bik deuh a awm a

nih chuan a chi siamtu ten recommendation

an siam nghal ]hin a, chu chu zawm mai tur

a ni.

Reference :

Agrawal R.L.(1980) Seed Technology, PR-4-24, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.

Mahabal Ram, (1980), High Yielding Varieties of Crops. PP IX-XI. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.

NSC, New Delhi, 1985, Legislation on Seeds, National Seed Corporation Ltd., New Delhi.

Baharguna A, 2002, The Seed Bills 2002, Ministry of Agriculture & Co-operation, New Delhi.

ZORAM LONEITU

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ZORAM LONEITU

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ZORAM LONEITU

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FARM POWER AND MACHINERY GENERAL KNOW HOW

FOR EXTENSION WORKERS

Lalchhanliana, Assistant Engineer

Directorate of Agri. (CH&MI)

Aizawl, Mizoram

Tunlai thiamna hmanga lo neih dan tichangkang a, hlawk zawk leh awmze nei taka

thawk tur hian thil pawimawh deuh deuh kawng thum a awm a, chungte chu :-

1. Biological Innovations (Thlai

chanchin zirna lama thil thar

hmuhchhuah) : Thlai chi ]ha zawk,

thar hlawk chi (High yielding variety)

te, thlai chi thlahpawlh (Hybrid

seeds) te, a ]hen phei chu a chinna

ram sik leh sa leh zo leh phai azira

siam chhuahte a awm tawh a, tih tak

taka hlawk zawk leh thlai hrisel, rah

]ha leh thar tur chuan Biological

Innovation hi a pawimawh ber zinga

pakhat a ni.

2. Chemical Innovation :

Rannung thlai ei chhetu thah leh

venna leh thlai tana chaw ]ha

(Fertiliser) lama hmasawnna hi a

pawimawh bawk a, tunlai tak phei

chuan chemical lam ai mahin Bio-

fertliser te, Bio-pesticide te an uar

leh tawh zawk mah mah a ni.

3. Mechanical Innovation : A

pathumnaah chuan mihring leh ran

tha te chhawk zangkhaia a aia sawt

zawka hnathawk tur chuan khawl leh

hmanraw ]ha zawk hman a ngai a ni.

Thlai chi ]ha mi, thar hlawk zawk

bawk si, a hun taka chin ngai chin

tam ]ul si, rannung eichhetu laka ven

ngai bawk, chaw ]ha mamawh bawk

si, a hun taka senga a bo a bang awm

mang lova senga dah ]hat thlap a, kan

chaw ei dawhkan thlenga ei theih

mai tura chhawp tur chuan khawl

hmang lo chuan indaih loh a na hle

dawn a, chuvang chuan

Mechanisation a lo tul ta a ni.

Heng baka la pawimawh deuh mai chu

tuiah leh thlarauva Baptist a ngai a, tui

hnianghnar tak leh rilru leh tih tak zeta,

duat taka kan thlaite enkawl a la ngai bawk.

Kan sawi tak zinga a pathumna

Mechanisation chungchang hi kan thlur bik

ang a, kan sawi seng kher lo ang a, a

tlangpui tak meuh kan sawi dawn a ni.

Farm Mechanisation : Thlai chinna tur lei

sawngbawl a]anga thlai chi thlak/tuh/

phun te, lei]ha pek leh rannung (eichhetu)

laka ven te, tui pek te, a rah senga vuak ]ilh

leh khungkhawm a, ei theih maia siam

thlengin, a theih chen chen khawla

hmanraw ]ha zawk (Improved Implements)

hmanga lo enkawl hi Farm Mechanisation

chu a ni.

- 8 - -

ZORAM LONEITU

-

Farm Power : Lo enkawlna hmanrua/

hriamhrei chi hrang hrang a awm a, chung

hriamhrei/hmanraw tello chuan engmah a

tih theih loh tih mai tur a ni. A aia

pawimawh zawk chu hmanruate chelek a,

han hmang tur chuan thahrui a ngai a, tha

thawh lovin a tual]o ringawt ringa sava leh

ramsate anga a hminsa ei tura siam kan ni

si lova, chuvang chuan thahrui (Power) a

ngai a ni.

(l) Human Power

(2) Animal Power

(3) Mechanical Power

(4) Electric Power

(5) Hydro-Power

(6) Wind Power

(7) Solar Energy, te an ni a.

A hmasa pathumte hi Mizoramah leh

India ram pum huap pawha power kan

hmuhna tam zawkte chu an ni a. A dang

erawh hi chu vawiin ni chuan kan sawi tam

lovang a, a ]ulna hmunah leh a remchanna

hmunah chuan ]angkai tak tho an ni. A bik

takin Mizoramah chuan mihring leh ran tha

kan la hmang nasa a, tlangram lovah ngat

phei chuan za-â-za (100%) mihring thaa

thawh a la ni.

Mihring tha tello thlawta thlawhhma

lak chu thil tih theih loh tluk a ni a, khawl

]ha eng ang pawh nei ila, tha thawh ve chu a

ngai tho tho. Chuvangin, loneitu chuan a lo

khawl hlir pawhin enkawl sela a hmingah

kut hnathawktu a ni tho tho.

Amaherawhchu, rim lutuk lo leh hahdam

zawk, a sur a sa do han ]hak ]hak lo leh

chhipa rit tak tak phur lo turin, khawl

hmangin a chhawk zangkhai theih a, lâwm

tam tak rawih a, chawhmeh siam ]euh ]euh

aiah khawl leh a hmanrua a ruai ang a, ran

tla puar hman mang hlei lo, hah taka

hmawlhfiak nen chhawr aiah a khawlah

Diesel an thun ang a, nuamsa takin hna a

thawk thei dawn a ni. Chu tak chu a ni

vawiina Farm Mechanisation kan sawi tur

chu.

Farm Mechanisation han sawi hian

mitthlaa lo lang mai a awm a, chu chu

Tractor leh Power Tiller te hi an ni. Tractor

ngat phei chu Symbol of Farm

Mechanisation an ti reng a ni. Tractor leh

Power Tiller te hi car-te anga body an tuam

mam than lohna chhan chu hmanrua

(Implements) hrang hrang a pang khawi

maw lai lai a]anga vuah theih tura duan a

nih vang a ni a. Tunlaiah chuan lo enkawlna

atana hmanraw ]ha ber a ni. Bawih anga

rim taka chhawr theih an ni a. Mahse,

fatlum ber anga duat an ngai thung.

Tractor hi mihring thate leh ran thate

nen chuan an chak zawngte pawh hi a

inthlau reng a ni. Loneitu pa naran sawm

rual vel tha belhkhawm hi 1 HP tluk a ni an

ti ]hin. Tin, ran (bawngpa) pahnih ]ha tawk

tak chak zawng hi 1 Hp. Tluka ngaih a ni

bawk a, chutih laiin India rama Tractor te

ber Mitsubishi Tractor chak zawng chu 18.5

- 9 - -

ZORAM LONEITU

-

Hp. a ni a. An thawh theih zawngah chuan

Tractorte pakhat hi patling 185 tluk zet

tihna a ni.

Heti zawng hian tehkhin leh ta ila,

Diesel 5 HP pump set hian lo mawng

luikawr 10m a thuk a mi tui hi second katah

tui litre 9 a pump chhuak thei a, minute

khat-ah 540 litre, darker khatah 32,400

litre a pump chhuak thei. Chu chu patlingin

tel tin 16 litre dawng pahnih (32 litre)

kawtin darkar khat chhungin engzatnge a

kawh chhuah theih ang? Han chhut ve mai

mai teh u.

Farm Implenments & Tools : Thahrui

(source of power) kan sawi ta a, power chu

a awm, mihring a ni emaw ran a ni emaw,

Tractor/Power Tiller a ni emaw, hnathawh

mai inringin a awm ta. Mahse, hmanrua a

pawimawh. A tel lovin hna a thawh kuak

tak tak theih loh. Mizo lo neih dan

tlangpuiah chuan hmanrua chu kan hre mai

awm e. Mahse, chu aia changkang deuh chu

kan duh ve tawh si a, hmanraw chi hrang

hrang Agriculture lama changkang

zawkte'n an hman ]hin kan sawi dawn a,

chutih lai chuan ‘Mizoram ah chuan

tlangram loneitu an tam zawk si a, a va sawt

awm love’ kan ti mai thei, kan sawi tur lah

hi leileta hman chi deuh hlir a ni mai si a,

vai rama industry hovin tlangrama hman

chi an siam ve mang si lova, keinin a siamtu

leh siamna hmun Agro Industry kan nei ve

mang si lova, kan Agro Industry neih chhun

Chu PUM ala ni mai a. Helama hmasawnna

zawn hi Agriculture mite tan chuan

'Challenge' a tling reng a ni. Mahse

vawiinah chuan leilet leh tlangram terrace a

hman chi kan thlur bing hrih ang a. A dik

tak chuan kan phaizawl (potential area)

neih ringawt pawh hi buh leh bala

intodelhna khawp hmun a awm tho va,

chutah ringawt pawh chuan lo in

concentrate pawh ni ila, a ]ha phak ve tho

thovin ka hria.

Leilet enkawlna hmanrua,

(Implements) hrang hrangte chu hetiang

hian a ]hen theih a.

1) Thlai chinna tur lei sawngbawlna

hmanrua (Seed bed preparation

implements)

2) Thlai chi thlak/phun/tuhna hmanrua

(Seed Implements)

3) Tuipekna hmanrua (Pumping sets &

Sprayer, Sprinkler)

4) Thlai ]han zelna atana venhimna

(Plant Protection Equipments)

5) Ei theih/dah]hat tura sawngbawlna

(Processing Plant)

Hmanraw chi hrang hrangte hi a hman

dan leh siam hmang kan sawi seng

lovang a, a hming chauh tal han tarlang ila,

Annexure lamah hian a lem a theih ang ang

kan han tarlang e.

- 10 - -

ZORAM LONEITU

-

1) Seed Bed Preparation Implements:

a) Plough-(Disc Plough, M/B Plough,

Indigenous Plough)

b) Harrow-(Disc Harrow, Offset, Peg

Harrow, Spring type Harrow)

c) Cultivator

d) Ridger

e) Bund former

f) Leveller

g) Puddler

(2) Seeding & Sowing Equipments :

a) Seed-cum-fertilizer drill

b) Planter

c) Paddy Transplanter

d) Pneumatic Seed drill

e) Sugarcane Pianter

(3) Watering Equipments :

a) Pump sets

b) Sprayers, Sprinkler, Drip, Rain

gun etc.

(4) Plant Protection Equipments:

Sprayer etc.

(5) Harvesting Machines :

a) Harvester

b) Combine Harvester

c) Digger

(6) Threshing Machine:

a) Thresher

b) Japanese Rotary Thresher

c) Winnower

(7) Processing Machine:

a) Grade

b) Huller

c) Mill

d) Polisher

e) Expeller

f) Crusher

g) Decorticator

h) Sheller

i) Dryer

Farm Machanisation-a Mizoram dinhmun :

Agricultural Mechanisation-a tehfung (Unit)

chu ram bial khat (Unit area=1 Ha.) zela

khawl (Engine) power hman zat (Machine

Power/ha) a ni a. Mithiam ten an chhut dan

chuan buh tonne 2 tal thar turin machine

power ngai zat chu 1 hp/ha. a ni a. Tunah

hian Mizoramah Tractor 150 vel leh Power

Tiller 200 vel hman lai awm nia hriat a ni a.

Mahse, Tractor nei tam zawk hian leiletah

an hmang tlem hle mai a, engpawh nise,

hmang vek angin chhut ila. Tractor pakhat

zel hi 20 hp ah chawkrual ta ila, power tiller

pakhat zel hi 10 hp ah chhutin Mizorarm a

machine power awm zawng zawng chu

7000 hp vel a ni. Chuti a nih chuan 0.28

hp/hac. ang a ni a. Mahse, a takah chuan

0.11 hp/ ha. ang vel a nih ka ring. Mihring

power leh ran power belh tel chuan 0.2

hp/ha. pawh a tling mai thei. Ram

changkangte standard nen chuan la in thlau

tak a ni.

Chu mai a ni lova, leilehna hmanraw

chi hnih/khat mai lo phei chu, hmanraw

dang kan hmang lo tih theih a ni. Tunhnaiah

- 11 - -

ZORAM LONEITU

-

seed-cum-fertilizer drill pahnih khat kan

lakchuah leh harvester kan neih tih mai loh

phei chu hmanraw dang kan hmang tlem

khawp mai. Pumpset erawh hi chu

khawimaw lai laiah hman a ni ve bawk.

Processing lamah erawh chuan suma

buhdeng an vang tawh khawp mai, khawtin

ah buhdeng khawl a awm tawh a. Helamah

chuan rin aiin kan zia awm viau.

Mizoram Sawrkar hmalakna : State dang

(Central lam a bikin) te nen khaikhinin

Farm Mechanisation ah hian kan hnufum

viau mai a. Chutih laiin mipui tam zawk

eizawnna chu lo neih a ni si a. Chuvang

chuan helama ]an lak hi a ]ul si a.

Theihtawpin sawrkar in ]an a la a, khawl

leh hmanraw lei nan subsidy loneitute

hnenah pek a ni a. Hetiangin —

(1) Tractor ah — 1,00,000/- zel

(2) Power Tiller ah — 50% zel

(3) Implements dangah pawh — 50% zel

pek a ni.

Heti chung pawh hian kan farmer-te

hian pawisa an tum tur lam hi an la tlin zo

ta lova, Bank-ah te loan puk tur zawngin an

vak vel ruai a ni.

Training leh Demonstration hi duh

angin pek ]hat a harsa a, facilities kan nei

]ha mang lova, kan hriat angin kan training

centre neihchhun pahnih (KVK, Kolasib) leh

ITC (Hnahthial) ah te hian Training

han conduct puina tur Training Sample kan

nei chau hle mai. Helamah hian ]an lak

pawh kan ngaiin ka hria.

Tin, Mizoram a kan leilet leh Terrace

te pawh hi khawl hmanga hnathawhna tur

tak atan chuan a bial a te in, kalpawhna tur

farm road te a awm mumal mang lova.

Chuvang chuan kan ram leilet mil tawk

Power Tiller leh Tractor te chah chhuah a ni

a. Tin, leilet bialte pawh Land Development

Programme hnuaiah Zoram hmun hrang

hrangah a zauh hna thawh a ni a, Bull dozer

te, JCB te leh Tractor tein thawh a ni bawk

a. Hei bakah hian leilaihna khawl luh theih

lohnaah chuan mihring thain

bawngtuthlawh hmanga thawh a ni.

A tawp berah chuan, kan rilrua kan

vawn reng atan ka duh chu, Mechanisation

lamah hian namen lova ]an lak a ngai a ni

tih hre nawn leh ila, potential area kan neih

leh kan leilet/huan chillai mek a]ang hian

Mizoram mipui khamkhawp na na na buh

leh bal hi chu a thar theih a. Kan thawhrim

dan a zirin chumi piah lamah chuan hralh

chhuah tham a thar theih a ni tih hre nawn

leh ila. Tun dinhmunah khawl hmang tam

thei lo mah ila, farmers-te fuih ila, kan fuih

rualin thawhpui bawk ila, dinhmun sang

takah kan in hlangkai thei a ni e.

- 12 - -

ZORAM LONEITU

-

TAM ZAWK LEH HLAWK ZAWKA THLAI KAN THAR THEIH NAN LEH KAN

THLAWHHMATE }ANGKAI ZAWKA HMAN DAN

H. Joel

S.O–Cum-S.A

Mihring khawsak a changkang ang

zelin mihring pawh kan pung chho ve zel a.

Ei leh barah pawh kan mamawh a tam chho

vel zel a. Kum 10 dan zela chhut phei chuan

buh leh bal kan mamawh pun chhoh dan

chu a let 20 velin a pung chho ]hin a.

Amaherawhchu, hetiang tak hian pung chak

mah ila, kan ram leilung erawh chu a pung

ve lo thung a. He thil in a puak chhuah chu

thlawhhma lakna tur a kiam tial tial a ni tih

kan hre thei ang. Hetiang a nih lai hian kan

ram thlawhhma lakna tur leilung chu kum

tin a fe tial tial a. Kan thlai thar a tlem tial

tial bawk si a. Tun dinhmun ang ringawt hi

chuan kan khawsa reng thei lo ang.

Chuvangin kan mamawh ang zat kan thar

chhuah reng theih nan kawng thar kan

zawn a ngai a ni. Mihring rawn pung chho

zel umpha tur chuan kan ram leilung pung

ve a, pharh belh tur awm chuang lo ah hian

hlawk zawk leh thar zing zawk tura hmalak

kan ngai ta a ni. Chutiang dinhmun ah pawh

kan buai loh nan, a hnuaia tarlan te hi min

kaihruaitu ]angkai tak a ni dawn a. A

chepakaia sawi dawn chuan, nikhat thil thu

mai a sawi kim a theih dawn loh a. Kan sawi

ho tur pawh hi tunah pawh kan mamawh in

kan thawk ]an nghal thei a. Chuvangin tun

a]anga kan hman ve nghal mai theih leh kan

mamawh leh harsatna neilo a kan tih nghal

mai theih tur a]ang in kan sawi ]an nghal

dawn a ni. Kan sawiho tur hi hlawm khat,

thupui pakhata khaikhawm a harsa ang

reng a. Huan/Leilet/In bul huan angah te

hian khawvel ram hrang hranga an enkawl

dan leh thlai kan chin turte leh khaw awm

dan a zira thlai chin tur in hrilhhriatna lam

hawi a ni ang. Kan hriat reng tur erawh chu

tuna kan sawi tur hi Leilet hmun zawl atan

leh huan nghet Terrace siam tawhna leh

awihtlan Terrace siam theihna hmun atan a

ni deuh bik a. Tlangram Lo, vah chawp leh

hal chawp, a kum leh a kalsan leh mai tur

ang chi ah chuan a ]angkai chuang lo a ni tih

in lo hriat hmasak ka duh a ni. Tlangram lo

bansan a, huan nghet kan buatsaih hi

Sawrkar duh dan a nih bakah kan tan pawh

a ]ha zawk bawk a ni.

Awle, kan thupuiah i lo lut dawn teh

ang :

Thlai chin dan chi hrang hrang kan

tih ve mai theih ang hote hi i han sawiho

dawn teh ang le. Chungte chu :-

1) Double Crop Farming (Kum khata

thlai vawihnih chin ): Loneitu/Huan neitu

in kum khatah thlai chi hnih a chin ]hin

sawina a ni a. Dan tlangpuiin Buh ching

- 13 - -

ZORAM LONEITU

-

ramah a remchang bik a. An thlai chin ]hin

tlangpui chu hetiang hi a ni.

e.g :

1) Buh - Bawrhsaiabe

(April-October) (November-March)

2) -do- - Tel An]am

3) -do- - Wheat

4) -do- - Zikhlum

5) -do- - Behliang

2) Multiple Crop Farming (Kum khata thlai chi hnih aia tam chin dan):

Thlai chi hnih chauh nilo a aia tam emaw; Mi pakhatin a ram chu hmun hrang hranga

]hendarhin, ]um khatah pawh thlai chi hrang hrang a chin kual ]hin sawina a ni.

e.g :

Bial 1-naah - Buh - Bekang - An]am

Bial 2-naah - Vaimim - Bekang - Vaimim

Bial 3-naah - Zikhlum - Bawrhsaiabe - Vaimim

3) Relay Cropping (Chatlak lova thlai

chin) : Hemi ah hi chuan Loneitu in chatlak

lova kumtluana thlai a chin ]hin sawina a ni.

Dan tlangpuiin, thlai huan atana hman

bikah an kengkawh ber ]hin a. Hetiang anga

hma lakna hmunah chuan thlai pakhat an

seng hunah chuan a dawt leh a mi chu a lo

]iak fel vek tawh ]hin. Buh chinna ang ah

chuan kenkawh a ni vak lo,

e.g Vaimim, Bekang, Bawrhsaiabe.

4) Crop Rotation (Thlai chinkual

sawina a ni): Hemi ah hi chuan Multiple

emaw Double Crop te nen a kalhmang a

inang tho nain, Loneituin a ram chu

]hendarh chuang lova, thlai a chin kar thlak

]hin sawina a ni.

5) Mixed Farming : Hemi hi chu, thlai

chinna hmun a ranvulhte sawina a ni. Kan

ramah pawh hmuh tur a awm ve ta nual

mai. Ran leh thlai te hi in kamki, in

ringtawn an ni a. Ranvulh - Ar, Vawk,

Bawng vulh ]hin hote zun leh ek chu thlai

tan chaw]ha tak a nih avangin, thlai a ]hat

duh bakah, Lei]ha - thlai tan an pe chhuak a.

Ranvulh a]ang pawhin sum a hai luh theih

avangin a man hla em em a ni.

6) Single Crop Farming (Thlai chikhat

chauh chinna) : Hetiang hi chu kan ramah

hmuh tur a awm ve lova. Kan ]henawm

state Assam a Thingpui huante, }helret te,

Coffee te leh Serthlum emaw Balhla emaw

an chinna hmun ang sawina a ni. Leilet leh

Tlangram lo-a Buh chauh kan ching ang hi a

- 14 - -

ZORAM LONEITU

-

nilo. Thlai kumhlun chi leh reitak dam thei

hote hi an ching ber ]hin.

7) Commercial Farming (Sum chang

tur atana thlai chin) : Hetiang ho hi chu

khawpui lian leh mamawhtu an tamna

hmuna hralh tur a tamna hmunah an uar

bik a. Thlai ]henkhat, kumhlun lemlo tur

ang chi - e.g Alu, Sawhthing, Bekang, Aieng

etc. ho hi an ching deuh ber.

8) Intensive Farming (Tlar fel tak

siam a thlai chin) : Mamawhna a nasatna

hmunah hian hun bi tuk lem lova thlai chi

hrang hrang chin kual ]hin sawina a ni.

9) Extensive Farming (Tamtham leh

hmun zau tak awmna hmuna lo neih) :

Mimalin ram zau tak an neihna hmun,

mamawhtu tamna hmun leh a hralh

awlsamna hmun ni bawk si ah, kum khatah

thlai pakhat aia tam chingin, thlai dang

nena chawhpawlh miah lo in an ching ]hin.

Hetiang hmunah hi chuan, thlai ]hal khat

daih chi ang chauh an ching ]hin.

10) Market Garden (Truck Garden)

(Sum chang thlai chinna) : Hetiang anga

hmalakna hi chu, mamawhna hriatsa emaw

order (contract) a nih vangin emaw an

ching]thin a. Ni hnih khat leka vuai leh mai

thei tur ang chi chu an ]hing ngailo.

Hetianga thlai chin hote hi chu seng a nih

rual rualin hralh leh a ni nghal ]hin a.

Chuvangin, khawpui lian hnaih ah a awm

ber ]hin a. Hmun fianrial ah leh lam hla

deuhah chuan an ti ngai meuh lo. Huan

siamtu te pawh hian a hralhna tur hresa a

ching an ni ]hin a. An thar chhuah lei duhtu

turte mamawh ang kha an thlai chin a nih

avangin, thlai chin bik pawh a sawi theih

meuh loh. Dan naranin thlai thar hma chi a

ni tlangpui ]hin.

11) Subsistance method (Mamawh leh

chak zawng chinna) : Hemi ah hi chuan

thlawhhma latuten kal hmang mumal nei

lemlo leh thlai chin tur bik pawh awm

chuang lova thlawhhma lak hi a ni a.

Tlangram lo kan neih dan hi a entirna ]ha

tak a ni. Dan naranin thlai chin bik neiin,

chu mi karah chuan a remchang ang apiang

an ching mai ]hin a. Ei bo bar a tam a ni

deuh ber ]hin. Lehkha thiamlo pawhin an

tih theih mai a niin, tualchher hmanrua

hmanga enkawl a ni deuh ber bawk.

12) Green House (Tuk chawp huan) :

Hetiang anga hmakakna hi chu ram

changkangah hmuh a ni deuh ber.

Inchhawng emaw, in chhungah thlai chinna

siam a ni a. Darthlalang emawa a chung

chhuah vek a ni ]hin. Thlai mamawh ang

zelin a chhung boruak chu khawl hmanga

Control (thunun) a ni a. Eichawp thlai

chinna a ni deuh ber bawk. Heng a]anga

thlai thar chhuah hote hi Forced Vegetable

an ti a. “Tuk hnih thlai” ti te pawhin kan

sawi thei bawk ang chu.

Henghote hi thlawhhma lak dan

tlangpui chu a ni a. Heng lo pawh hi sawi

tur a la awm nual. Mahse, kan tan a ]angkai

- 15 - -

ZORAM LONEITU

-

loh bakah a hmunhma kan neih loh avangin

sawi tello ila. Heng kan tarlan a]ang hian

kan ram (huan) a zirin hmalak dan tur chu

rem kan ruat thei ngeiin ka ring a ni.

He mi bakah hian hma kan lak dawna

kan hriattur ]ul ]henkhat tar lanna lo nei

ila. Chung te chu :-

1) A hmun thian dan : Kan huan lo ram

chu awih pang chhengchhe lutuk a ni tur a

ni lo. Kan ramah hi chuan Hmarlam hawi

ramah hian thlasikah eng a hmuh tlem

avangin duhthu a sam tawk chiah lo a.

Chhimchhak hawi mual inkhawh chi a ]ha

bera hriat a ni.

2) Inkalpawhna :A ]ha berah chuan

Lamlian kawngpui kam, khua a]anga hla tak

nilo thei se. Kawngpui a awm ]hat chuan hla

deuh pawh nise a zia awm. Hmun kilkhawr

leh kawng mumal a awm loh chuan a thiar

nan tha leh zung a hek bik tih hria ila.

3) Thlai chin tur thlan dan :

4) Mipui mamawh dan en chungin

thlai chin tur thlan nise.

5) Chhungkaw dinhmun a zira hma

lak thiam tur a ni.

5) Kan lo/huan a hlat dan a zirin thlai

chin tur thlan fimkhur tur a ni.

Awlsam tak leh senso tam lova kan

tharchhuah te lakna, dahna leh venhim na

tur atan kan hmuh zung zung theihna tur

hmun nise a duhawm leh zual ang.

- 16 - -

ZORAM LONEITU

-

HIMACHAL PRADESH FARMERS TOUR : 2003 (REPORT)

F. Lalthanzama

N. Vanlaiphai

Kum 2002 lam atana lo ruahman tawh, rokhawlhna avanga 2003-a zin tura ruat zingah

hotute duhsakna chu vanneihthlak takin ka dawng ve mial a; min duhsaktute chungah leh he

programme min buatsaih saktu Mizoram sorkar chungah lawmthu ka sawi hmasa duh a,

fatlum duat taka min duattu kan hruaitute chungah pawh lawmthu sawisen loh kan nei.

Report pe tur hian ka insit em em rualin ka lawm hle a ni.

Kan zinnaah hian Punjab-a kal turte

leh Delhi-a Krishi Expo 2003-a tel turte nen

kan vaiin mi 41 kan kalho a. Mi leh sa kan

kimin a hlim thlak hle. Kan kalna lah chu

Thlawhna (Air) lo vêkah chuan zin

buhchangrum a ni ngawt mai. Train

Reservation sathliah mai ni lo, a Boggy (a

bawmpui) in kan luah rup mai a, tuma chim

buai lohvin, a kawngkharvengtu atan a kan

dah sipai rinawmte nen tu mitmei mah

veng lovin kan zin a ni a; a hmin sa ei

nghakin— “A duh leh a mu a, a duh leh a

]hu a...” tih hla ang mai kha kan ni ta ber

awm e. A nuam viau a ni ang - ]henkhatte

phei chuan chhungkuaa pem an rawt hial.

Nawhlung tur ngawt lo buaipui a, rel kawng

sir rora, Buara khat dawna lo rut, thil

pawimawh ber ang mai a ]hiante khai tir ta

mai mai tawk kan awm mek bawk.

Himachal Pradesh-a kalte hi kan

vaiin 10 (sawm) kan ni a. Heng mite hi :

1) Pu James Lalsiamliana,(Leader)

2) Pu Lalramenga, Vaphai

3) Nl. Lalhmangaihi, Baktawng

4) Nl. Lalthangmawii, Khumtung

5) Pu Lal]ana, Kepran

6) Pu Liansawta, Pehlawn

7) Pu F. Lalthanzama, N. Van laiphai

8) Pu Rindika, Khawpuar

9) Pu Lungmuana, Tengtawng

10) Pu Remmawia, Lenchim

Kan zinga lo tel ngei tura beisei

Pu Silthanga, Darlawn erawh chu a man

tirtu ang deuhvin a absent ta hlauh a ni. Kan

inhmuh danin Group dangte huat thu ni suh

se, keiniho hi kan chhangchhe lo berah kan

in ngai a, a dik lo thei bawk. Mahse,

changtlung tak chu kan ni e.... Pu Sawta, a

awrawl a]ang ngawt pawh a Evan ni awm

tak, Counsellor ]hami ang maia thil reng

reng a hauhuk kaia chhui mi, Volume II daih

hial tura zawhna chhang ] hin te. Pu }ana,

Ngawidawh peih tak mai, engmah sawi ]ul

ti lo mai, listener ]ha lutuk kan nei te. Kan

nula te pawh mutbo san uihawm tak an lo

ni leh zel te. Pu Maenga, thlen chin apiangah

Cowboy rualho hun laia Scout ang maia

chhehvel hriat kim tum tak te, Pu Dika, a

hming ang maia ngaih dan chher mi te, kan

hotupa ber pawh cool taka rorel mi kan han

nei leh zel te hi changtlung tak chu kan ni.

Chu chauh a ni lo, Nuho ]awng]ai hla ang

- 17 - -

ZORAM LONEITU

-

hrimin kan haw lam ip pawh a puar lian hle

a ni.

Kan kal dan tlangpui chauh han

tarlang ila : Dt. 10.3.2003 dar 4:00 PM ah

Capital Travel-in kan chhuak a, 11.3.03 dar

11:00 AM ah Guwahati kan thleng a,

zankhat kan riah hnuin chhun zan zawmin

Train-in Dt. 14.3.03 dar 1:15 AM ah New

Delhi kan thleng a, zing khawvar hmain

Motor tein kan chhuak leh a, Haryana State

leh Punjab State te pal tlangin Himachal

Pradesh ah kan lut a, kan tum ber Solan

hmun/khua chu 14.3.03 dar 1:00 PM ah kan

thleng ta a ni. Kan Driver a felin Motor

khalh a thiam bawk a, kan nulate phei

chuan an hmu tai hman hial awmin kan

hria, kawngtluanin Tape Cassettee kan

ngaihthlak lah chu “Kuki-Kuki-kuk-kuk” tih

ngawt mai a ni a, lunglen umbo nan hrim

hrim a siam a ni awm a ni. Thil danglam tak

chu Mizoram ah chuan Motor horn ri hi a

tut or a pawt a, kan zin kawngah chuan a

ngiau ]awk ]awk a ni ber mai.

Solan khua/hmunah hian Horti-

culture University kan tlawh a, Horticulture

Extension Education Officer-in min lo

dawng sawng a. An thlai ]henkhat (i.e. Kiwi

leh Stone fruits) leh pangpar enkawlna

hmun bik Greeen House te min tlawhpui a,

hetah hian pangpar chi hlang (pure seed)

an siam chhuah bik te min entir a. Anmahni

thar ngei a]anga an Jam siamte, thlai lam

enkawl dan ziaknate min hmuhtir a, kan

leisak bawk a, an chhuang hle in ka hria.

He University-ah hian Mizo zirlai

mipa 2 leh hmeichhia 1 Electric Veng nula

fel tak mai an lo awm a. Pu Maenga'n min lo

phawikhalh leh hman avangin biak chak hle

mah ila chance ka nei ve ta lo a ni.

Thil tam tak enna hmun leh hun kan

nei lova, Apple chinna hmun Kinore te

Grape chinna hmun te tlawh theih a, a chi

han hawnte pawh a chakawm nen hun kan

nei ta ngang lo chu pawi ka ti tak zet a ni.

Amaherawhchu, Kiwi leh Stone Fruits an

chin, uluk lutuk a an enkawlte erawh chu

kan en a. Kiwi hi HEEO-in a sawi danin New

Zealand a]angin India ramah a chi lak luh a

ni a. Solan-ah hian 1986 a]angin an ching

]an a, tunah chuan an state sum hnar pui

berte zingah a ]ang phak tawh a ni. Kum

tinin theirah a]ang ringawtin Rs. 400 Crore

leh thildang a]angin Rs. 500 Crore an lei

ziah a ni. Kiwi hi New Zealand ram National

Birds hming chawia a hming (Kiwi) hi

phuah a ni a, a phun dan chu a tlarin

16ft-18ft vela inhlatin, a nu chi pakua dan

zelah a pa chi (kung) pakhat phun zel tur a

ni. 400M Above Sea Level ah chin theih a ni.

Kung khatah 1 Qtl a thar thei a, 1 Kg chu

Rs. 100/- man a ni. Iron, Phosphorus leh

Vitamin C a pai tam a, thei hrisel leh tui tak,

taksa mamawh tamna a ni. Khawvel

ngaihhlut tak a ni awm e.

Thlenin lam leh zan riahna buaithlak

deuh avangin Shimla a zan riak turin tlai

lamah kan chhuak leh ta a. Shimla chu zan

6:30 PM ah kan thleng a, Hotel Madhuban

- 18 - -

ZORAM LONEITU

-

ah kan thleng a, mi pakhat tan zan khat riah

manah Rs. 100/- sen a ngai hial a ni.

Dt. 15.3.03 dar 10:50 AM velah Delhi pan

turin zing kara Shimla khawpui kan fan

kual hnuah kan chhuak leh a, Delhi chu zan

thimah kan lut a, Mizoram House-ah kan

]hiante Delhi-a chambangte nen kan inhmu

khawm leh ta a ni. Zanriah kan ei laiin

Addl. S. P. Lianmawia S/o S. T. Rualyapa

Ex. Minister fapa, Delhi-a Traffic lam thila

training mek nen kan inhmu hlauh mai chu

a va lawmawm em!! A chhan chu Mizoram

House-ah hian Room a khat hle a,

Dormitory-ah pawh chhuat khat tlatin kan

]hiante an lo mu khat tawh a lo ni a,

Pu Mawitea hian Room No. 105-naah a

kianga riak ve turin min sawm a,

tlawmngaih chhuah pawhin ka ]ang der

phal ta lo a ni. Pu Maenga nen tui takin kan

riak ta chu a lawmawm danglam hle a ni.

Dt. 16.3.03 Sunday zing inkhawm

tuma kan insiam mek laiin Krishi Expo

en/chhim tura chhuah a ]ul leh ta zawk a,

hemi ni hian an khar tawh dawn avangin

Pathianni lo ang maia hun kan hmang ta

chu inthiam lohna a lian ru duh hle. Krishi

Expo kan va tlawh hian vanneihthlak takin

Expo 2003 buatsaihtute (NEC) nen

interview min lo neihpui a, Questionaire

type a ni a, a ]angkai phian awm e. He

hmunah hian state hrang hrangte an in pho

chhuak hlawm a, mit a tlaiin ngaihtuah a ti

tam a, rualawh a na duh khawp mai. State

changtlung leh upa a nihna a lang chiang a,

hna an thawk tak tak a ni tih a hriat a, tunlai

thiamna Scientific method chu Agriculture

ah leh Industry ah an seng lutin chaw nghei

loh an tum zia a ti lang chiang hle. Hei hian

min cho hlein ka hria. Ka ngaihtuahnaah

chuan ‘Kan ramah pawh lei chunglang

kephah pil lekah heng hi kan thar thei,' tih

hi a ni.

Chawhnu lamah Sight Seeing kan nei

a, Indira te chhungkaw chenna in kan tlawh

chuan thinlung a khawih hle. Dt. 17.3.03

chu shopping nan hun kan hmang a, Dt.

18.3.03 zing lam dar 6:45 ah Hamara Desh

lam panin kan chhuak leh ta a ni. Dt. 20.3.03

chuan Guwahati ah kan cham a. Sight

Seeing neiin Zoo kan tlawh a, Dt. 21.3.03

zing ruahsur karah Aizawl lam panin kan

chhuak leh a, Dt. 21.3.03 zan dar 11 PM

velah Aizawl chu him tak leh hlim takin zan

thla eng hnuaiah kan lut a, naupang zin,

mahni kawtchhuah thleng ang maiin kan

hlim a, kan hotupa phei chu Silchar a kan

awm laiin (ka zui ru a) a Pamela nen an lo

in bekbawr lo niin, tui lo lum sak a tiam ni

maw? Silchar leh Aizawl inkar chu a bula

awm a nuam thar lehzual hle a, in lam

a]anga rawn tihlimtu kha chawimawina

dawng tlakah kan ngai. Aizawl veng hrang

hrangah kan ]hiante chu thlah kual zelin

inthlahlel tak leh kum thar lama SIKKIM

lam fangho leh turin kan in mang]ha ta

hlawm a ni.

- 19 - -

ZORAM LONEITU

-

Comment:

l. Farmers Tour-a zin a hlawk thlak hle a,

sorkar leh Department ten buatsaih zel

thei sela a duhawm tak zet a ni.

2. Sum sen a hautak in zin a hautak hle a,

hlawk lehzuala Tour neih dan kawng

awm thei sela, entirnan : Workshop,

field trip leh observation angte leh

mahni kut ngeia thil tih neihte a

hlawkin a rinawm.

3. Mi State thil kalpui dan hmuhin a

rualawh thlak em em a, mahni state a

apply ve turin mipui, Department

concern-te leh ministry ]anho leh

thawhho dan kawng zawn zel hi kan

ram develop-na bul tur pakhat a ni ve

ngei ang.

4. Kan rama kan thlai chin dan pangngai,

Hualngonu leipui nei system hi tih

danglam nise, kan Scientist ten kan ram

leilung leh boruak leh humidity milin

kan thlai thar theih zawngte endikin

kan ram hi Area/Zone hrang hrangah

]henin chung Area hrang hrangah

chuan kan thlai chin turte min ruahman

sak ta se : heng thlai hrang hrang - Alu,

Sawhthing, Hmarcha, Vaimim, Vaihlo,

Serthlum, Apple, Grape, Sapthei, Buh,

Tea, Coffee etc. te hi ruahmanna fel tak

siamin ching ta ila, Mizoram chhung

chauh nilovin ram pawn thleng pawhin

awmzia a nei thei ang a, NLUP-a

]henawmpa Trade thlan ang ang kan

thlang ve ngawt kha chuan

in]amchhuahna a siam nghal a, tun aiin

kan product hi sang ta lo pawh nise

khawchhak pa leh khawthlang pa kan

indawr ang a, hmar lam a mi chu chhim

lam a miin an supply ang a, mahni thlai

thar pawh kan tha sen ang phu tawkin

rate kan insiam thei tawh ang. Mahni

thlai thar pawh rate kan insiam thei lo

leh Vai kal tlang lova kan hralh thei lo

dinhmun hi kan kalsan hun a

nghahhlelhawm hle.

5. Kan ram leilung hi ]angkai lehzuala kan

hman theih nan leh thlai rah/anhnah

kan hnianghnar theih nan tui hman

]angkai dan kawng dap uar nise, hei

hian phai lama sum kir tur a veng thei

ang.

6. Kan thei rah/thlai tharte phai lama an

dah ]hat hnua man to taka kan lei leh

]hin hi Mizoramah Cold-Storage awm

sela chuan a tihbo theih a rinawm.

7. Himachal Pradesh-te angin kan ram

leilung luangral tur ven nan Terrace

siam uar ila, sorkar ]anpuinaah innghat

hmasa lovin leh ]anpui ngai leh tlakte

chauh puih nise. Kan hmazawnah dik

tak leh rinawm taka kan thawh theih

chuan State intodelh leh changtlung

takah kan in hlangkai ngei ang.

ZORAM LONEITU

-

- 20 - -

MAUTAM HI ENG VANG NGE?

K. L. Buatsaiha

SMS (PP)

DAO’s Office, Kolasib

Zoram Loneitu Janaury - March 2003 chhuakah khan Pu Changkima khan Mautam hi

“Thil danglam tak, a chhan hmuh chhuah theih loh” niin a rawn sawi a. A dik a, thil danglam

tak zawng a ni ngei mai. A chhan leh avang hriat harsa lai tak chu Mau a lo rah a, Sazu an lo

pung ta chiam mai hi a ni a. Engpawh nise, thlai venhimna lam (Plant Protection) thlirna

a]angin han sawi ve ]ulin ka hria. Midangte pawhin an la rawn sawi duh ka ring. Kum 49 dana

Mau a rah ]hinte leh Lev. 25: 8 thua kum 7x7 =49 han tihte hian inlaichinna a neih leh neih loh

chu Theologian leh zawlneite lo chuan kan sawi ngam lovang a. Mautam kum hian Sazu a lo

puang a, chu chuan lova buh ding lai an suasam ]hin a ni tih hi chu pawm dan tlanglawn ber a

ni.

Sazu chang ni lo Khau te,

Thlangdar/Thangnang te, Chengkawl lian

thlengin a puang thei a. Hengah hian

inthlahchhawnna lam thil leh boruak Sik

leh sa (genetic & environmental factors) te

hian kawng ro an su thei a. Mautam leh

Sazu puang pawh hi National Plant

Protection Training Institute (NPPTI)

Hyderabad-ah khan Rodent Specialist Dr.

Mohan Rao-a hovin an zir nasa tawh ]hin a.

Mizo Upain, “Sazu in Maurah/ Maupar an ei

a, an pung thut mai a ni,” an lo tihte pawh a

dik ber loh zia an finfiah a. Mauparah hi

chuan chaw chi khat (nucleo protein) a

awm ve an ti chauh a ni.

Kum 1959 Mautam kum khan Reiek

khua chuan beihpui (Rodent Control

Campaign) an ti nasa mai a. Zau “Ou”

(Var/Compact) deuhvin thlawhhma an ]heh

a. Favang laiin lo an hung a, mau phel

phawk phawkin, a awng laiah Vaithang &

Thangchepte an kam a. Khawtlangin sazu

tur chah ni an siam a, Agriculture

Department-in an tihpui ang thlapin tûr

(Zinc phosphide) an chah a. Buh a vui ]an ta

tih a]angin thlam leh bukah riakin

theihtawpin khawtlangin ]an an la a.

Tichuan Reiek khua chuan kha mautam

kum khan buh kham an thar a. Buhseng lai

chuan a chhehvel khuaa (Ailawng,

Rulpuihlim, Chungtlang, Lungdar ‘W’ etc.)

laina leh ]henrualten buh an sengpui

hlawm a. Heng buh tharte hi sorkarin a chi

atan ]hahnem tham tak ]in 1 ah Rs. 7/- zelin

a leisak hlawm a ni. Pu Changkima sawi

anga a hmawr hmin lai chiaha bo ta duak hi

chu a thleng lo a ni. Sazu chu a tam teh

meuh mai, suat lah an suat nasa. Buh pawla

Sazu vuate zan khatah mi pakhatin 200-300

an vaw hlum ]hin.

Hmun tam takah buh vuih hma

pawhin sazu hian buh kung hrim hrim

pawh an seh ]hin. Sazu leh Rodent kan

tihho Chaichim, Chhimtir, Thehlei, Chepa,

- 21 - -

ZORAM LONEITU

-

Sihal, Ui etc. te hi rannung ninhlei tak an ni

a. An ha a zat avangin an ei aiin an seh

chhiat a tam fe zawk. (“Rodent” awmzia chu

“Gnawing teeth” “Ha innawt za reng mai”

tihna ang deuh a ni) Sazute hian thil an seh

an seh loh chuan an ha chung lam leh hnuai

lam hi a ]hang seiin a insulpel daih thei a,

chuvang chuan an she chhiat hrim hrim hi a

tam em em a ni. Sazu hi rannung inthlah

pung chak tak mai an ni a, sazu pui hian

kum 1-ah no vawi li 6 zelin (a nu ‘F’ 3, a pa

‘M’ 3) a nei hman a, tichuan kum khatah

chuan :

Hetiang taka an inthlah pun chak

avang hian mautam kum lo pawhin ven leh

suat (Rodent Control) hna hi thawh ve reng

a ngai a ni.

Zu in (House rat - R.rattus) aiin ram

sazu (Field rat R. bengalensis, etc.) te hi an

inthlah pung chak zawka sawi a ni bawk.

Kum 2007-ah chuan Mautam kan lo

ring lawk (predict) leh ta a. Agriculture

Department pawhin hma a la ]an tawh a,

khawtlang ]anrualna (Community

approach) a pawimawh a ni. Sazute hian

hmelma (Natural Enemies) an nei ve ]euh

va, Rul, Mu chi hrang hrang, Chhimbuk te,

Sihal, Ui, Zawhte, etc. Nunphung

pangngaiah chuan heng “Natural enemies”

te nen hian inbuk tawka pung hluai lo tur

an ni. Chuti pawh chuan Sazu (Rodents)

avanga kan hloh hi kum tin 10-20% chu a ni

hrim hrim a.

Chuvangin Mautam dawnah phei

chuan ]an i la ang u. Tûr (Poison Chemical)

chi hrang hrang, thang, mangkhawng,

hnawhtawt chi te hmangin sazu i suat ang

u. Thlawhhma leh huante hneh taka

thlawhfai (clean cultivation) hian nasa

takin kawngro a su bawk.

ZORAM LONEITU

-

- 22 - -

THEIRAH PUAKKEK/KAK

Lalrinsangi

Facilitator

Ser emaw thei (Cherry, Tomato, Theifeimung, Theibuhfai, Neimbu, Selthlum etc.) rah

puakkeh hi thlai leh thei zawrh chi ho ah chuan thil pawimawh tak a nih avangin, nihphung

ang lo tur a lo awm ]hin a nih avangin, an hlutna za zela 75 lai a ti hniamin an hlauh theih a,

thei rah puak keh hi ei atan a lo tlak loh a, hralh tur pawn hlutna an nei tawh lo a ni. Hetiang a

an lo puak keh hian natna leh rannung ten an ti chhe zui duh bik a, hetia natna an lo vei tawh

chuan an hlutna a tla hniam tial tial a chingtute tan channa nasa tak a thlen ]hin a ni.

1. THEIRAH PUAK KEH CHHANTE:

Thei rah puak keh chhan hi thil tam

tak vang a ni thei a, a ]hen pawimawh deuh

deuh te chu.

a) Sik leh sa vang te, inthlah chhawn

thilte, lei]ha/chaw ]ha an mamawh ang

tawk an hmuh loh vangte a ni tlangpui.

(i) Khaw lum tak (40

O

C), boruak hnawng

awm lohna, thli lum leh ro si leh thli na

tak awmna hmunah ruah nasa tak

surin a zui emaw, tui pek leh vak

emaw hian thei huan hmuna thei rah

puak a siam duh bik niin hriat a ni,

chung thei puak duh bikte chu

Theibuhfai, Theifeimung, Tomato,

Cherry leh Neimbu lam chi te an ni.

Thei rah ]han laia tui an mamawh ang

tawk an hmuh ]hat loh hian thei rah a

lo sak bik a, a kawr a ]hang thei lo a,

thei rah chhung kha tui han pek leh

khan an lo ]hang leh si a, an lo innek

sawr a, a lo puak keh ta ]hin a ni.

(ii) Theirah puak keh hi a chhan dang leh

chu inthlahchhawnna lam thil a ni a,

thei rah chhungril a thei chi hormones

awm te hian thei rah kawr ]hang tur a

]han tur angin a ]han tir loh chuan an

lo chang a, thei chhung lam khan a

kawr a nek ta vak a, a kawr a lo fan

thei tawh si lova, an lo puak keh ta

]hin a ni.

(iii) Thei rah te an lo puak kehna chhan

awm thei bawk chu, thei chi (variety) a

zir a ni thei bawk a, tin, an

inthlahchhawnna lama thil danglam

bik a lo awmin a awm thei bawk a, thei

chi ]henkhatte chu puak keh duh bik

te pawh an awm a, ]henkhat chung

puak keh duh bik te chu:

Theihai - Amin price,

- Dashehari,

- Nisar pasah,

Balhla - Harichhal leh

Rasthali

Theifeimung - Dehradun (27.4%);

- Muzaffarpur (16.8%)

- Seedless No.1 (16.7%)

ZORAM LONEITU

-

- 23 - -

Citrus - Italian lemon (31.8%);

Eureka (28.8%)

Seedless (25%);

Malta (21.3%)

leh Columbia (20%).

Theibuhfai - Dholka,

Chola selection-1 (64.1%)

leh Surakh Anar (63.9%)

Tomato - Marglobe leh Bonny best.

Tin, hriat tel reng tur chu thei te hi

Sik leh sa duhthusam, chaw ]ha leh

inthlahchhawnna chi ]ha nei vek chung

pawhin an puak keh ve thei tho bawk a ni.

(iv) Thei tana chaw ]ha Potassium,

Calcium, Zinc, Boron, Copper leh

Manganese te hi an ]han laiin an

pawimawh em em a, hengte hi an

kham khawp an hmuh loh chuan thei

rah puak hi a awm thei bawk. Mithiam

ten an sawi danin Serthlum chite,

Theifeimung, Theibuhfai leh Balhla ah

te hian chaw ]ha kan tih mai zing a mi

boron leh copper te an kham khawp

an hmuh loh chuan an rah a lo puak

duh bik a, heng chaw ]ha te hian thlai

chhung lama an ]han len nan leh ]ha

taka an rah chhuah nan a thlai peng

hrang hrang te hnathawh a pui a,

chuvangin, heng chaw ]ha hi an

mamawh tawk an hmuh chuan thei

rah piangsual turte a veng a ni.

(b) A chhan dang awm leh theite chu lei

chhung lam a hnawng awm, Sik leh sa

inthlak nasa lutuk te, natna hrik kai vang te

leh hliam an tawrh vangte a ni thei.

(i) Khawro laia boruak lum tak hian thei

rah ]hanna a ti tawp ]hin a, chu chuan

thei rah kawrte a ti khauh a, an lo

]hang thei ta ]hin lo a ni. Hetiang hnua

ruah a lo sur leh vak emaw tui pek leh

thut hian thei chu an lo ]hang leh ta

vak a, a kawr a lo sak tawh si a, an lo

puak ta ]hin a ni. Thei a lo rah hmin lai

leh a lo puitlin laiin hetiang a lo awm

hian an puak keh duh bik.

(ii) Thei kawlawm ]henkhatte chu puak

keh duh bik an awm a, entirnan -

Dashehari theihai hi Meleplium chi

nena kawlawm in an puak keh nasa

bik a, mahse, Ambelavi nena kawlawm

chuan an keh tlem bik a ni tih hriat a

ni.

Hetianga thei kawlawm inmil

lo hian thei rah tla a siam nasa a, tin,

natna chi hrang hrang te a siam bawk

a, theikung an hrisel lo a, an lo puak

keh duh bik bawk.

(iii) Thei rahte hmanrua emaw thil dang

hmang a kan hliam palhin thei rah

puak keh a awm thei bawk a, chumai

bakah hliam an tawh chuan natna hrik

chi hrang hrang - Aspergillus,

Pencillium leh Rannung ten an bawm

duh bik a, natna an tuar hma ]hin. Tin,

thei rah tla leh ]awih a siam nasa bik

bawk.

ZORAM LONEITU

-

- 24 - -

ENKAWL DAN :

(i) Thei huan enkawl : Thei huan te

uluk taka enkawl ]hin tur a ni a, entirnan, a

hun taka hlo tihfai te, lei]ha pek te, tihfai

]hat te leh thei zar thlak ]hin te hian thei

rah puak keh hi a veng thei a. Tin, kumtluan

a tui pek uluk hian thei rah a veng him

bawk.

(ii) Thei lo ]han ]hat nana damdawi

]henkhat 2,4-D (20 PPM), NAA (10 PPM),

GA 3(40 PPM) leh Ethel (250 PPM) te hian

thei ]henkhatah chuan an puak keh tur a

veng a, heng damdawi te hian thei kung tar

hun tur a veng a, thei rah kawr te a ti nem

bawk a. Pant Lemon (Nimbu) thei chi ah

chuan thla thum dana NAA 20PPM/GA 250

PPM/Ethel 500 PPM emaw te a May Ni 15

a]anga kah ]anin thei rah puak tur a veng a

ni tih hmuh a ni.

(iii) Thei rah chhuah hma chiah a Zinc

Sulphate (1.5%) emaw Borax (0.1%) emaw

Calcium Hydroxide (l %) te a kahin a veng

thei bawk.

(iv) Thei rah puak keh tur hi thei an lo

hmin veleh a lawh zung zung hian nasa

takin a veng him bawk.

(v) Thei chi ]ha chi puak keh duh lo bik

te chin tur a ni, chungte chu :

Theihai - Amrapali, Mallika, Kesar,

Sindhu, Alphonso.

Theibuhfai - Bedana, Bosek, Kong,

Jalore seedless.

Serthlum lam - Baramasi, Kagazi, kalan,

chi Hill lemon.

Theifeimung - Calcatia, Seedless,

Hongkong CHES-I.

Tomato - Sioux, Punjab Chhuhara,

Roma, Pusa Ruby.

India ram angah hi chuan thei puak

keh hi kan harsatna nasa ber a ni a, mahse,

a venna hman leh damdawi hman hian eng

emaw chen chu min pui thei a, mithiamte

tan chuan he harsatna sut kian vek dan leh

tih rem dan hmuhchhuah hi chona nasa tak

a tling a ni.

THEI PUAKKEH DAN THENKHAT

LEH ENKAWL DAN :

a) Ser (Citrus) :- Ser lam chi reng reng

a rah puak keh hi Sik leh sa inthlak danglam

thut vang leh tui mamawh ang tawk hmuh

loh vangin a awm thei a, Ser rah te chu a

kual zawngin emaw a kawkalh in an puak

keh ]hin a ni.

Enkawl/ven dan :

(i) A khat tawk a tui tha tak a pek tur.

(ii) Ser rah te a puitlin veleh a lawh vat.

(iii) Borax (20 Kg/Ha.) hman.

b) Theifeimung (Litchi):

Theifeimung chin hian eizawnna kawngah

nasa takin Loneitute a pui thei a, mahse, a

rah puak keh ]hin hian a hlawkna tur leh

hlutna a ti tla hniam ]hin.

Enkawl/vendan :

(i) A hun taka tui pek.

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(ii) Boron 0.4 % a an lo rah ]ana kah tur.

(iii) A rah te lehkha a tuam.

(iv) NAA (40 PPM) a an lo rah chhuah

hma chiah leh an rah chhuah hnu

chiah a, a kung kah.

c) Theibuhfai (Pomegranate):

Thei rah puak keh ]hin hi theibuhfai

ah hian a nasa in a buaipui awm hle a, an

puak keh dan hi a vangzawng leh a ngil ten

a ni ber a, hetia an lo puak keh chhan hi tui

an hmuh mumal loh vang leh boruak vangte

a ni a, hun rei tak chhung khawro hnu a

ruah nasa tak sur emaw tui pek thut te hian

an mamawh Boran a ti bo ]hin a, hei hian an

rah a ti keh ]hin a ni.

Enkawl/vendan :

(i) Tui mamawh ang tawk an hmuh

theih nan a, a hun taka tui pek ]hin

tur.

(ii) Thei huan uluk tak a enkawl.

(iii) An rah chhuah lai a Boran 0.1% a kah

tur.

(iv) Thei rah te a hmin veleh a lawh.

(iv) An rah ]han lai a Calcium hydroxide 1

% a kah.

d) Tomato :

Tomato rah te hi fur laiin an puak

keh duh bik a, an keh dan pawh a kual

zawng emaw hmunkhat a]anga puak in an

insem darh ]hin a. Hetia an puak keh ]hin

nachhan te chu, leia tui hnawng duh ang

tawk awm lo te, thli ro tleh, khaw lum lutuk

leh Boron an tlakchham vang te a ni.

Enkawl/vendan :

(i) A rah te an hmin hma a lawh.

(ii) A chi ]ha chi chauh chin, entirnan -

Sioux, Roma emaw Pusa Ruby.

(iii) An rah ]an tirh hun lai leh an ]han

laia Borax 0.4% a kah tur.

NAA - Naphthalene acetic acid

Ga - Gibberelic Acid

Source - Intensive Agriculture, Jan-Feb. 2003

ZORAM LONEITU

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BROCCOLI }ANGKAINA KAN

HMUH CHHUAH THAR

Lalrinliana

D.A.O. Aizawl.

Taksaa Cancer hrik pung hluai tur lo dangtu (indole) bakah Broccoli chuan damdawi hlo

chi hrang hrang, Betacarotene, Calcium, Potassium, Iron, Magnessium leh isothiocyanates te a

pai a. Hengte hian enzyme chi khat, taksa in hrik/natna (Cancer) a do theih nana puitu chu a ti

chak a. Chung enzyme te chuan Cancer, Diabetes (Zunthlum), lung natna, ruh mawih leh thisen

sang lakah taksa an ven theih avangin an pawimawh hle a ni.

Broccoli chuan Vitamin A, B leh C a ngah bawk a. Heng Vitamin te hian taksaa natna chi

hrang 60 aia tam thlen thei (Free radical) lakah mi a veng thei bawk.

Hetiang lam zirtute chuan Broccoli ah hian Chronium a tel ve tih an hmuchhuak bawk a.

Chronium chuan mi ]henkhat an puitlin dawn lai vela zunthlum vei ]hinna lakah a veng thei

tih an hmuchhuak bawk.

-The Telegraph (Knowhow)

2

th

June, 2003

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SAZU TÛR LEH A HMAN DAN

James Lalsiamliana

Asst. Plant Protection Officer

Dte. of Agriculture & M.I,. Mizoram

Sazu hrai nan hian Tûr chi hnih hman lar deuh deuh an awm a. Chungte chu - Zinc

Phosphide leh Bromodialone te an ni. Zinc Phosphide hi ‘Tûr-dum’ ti a hriat lar a ni a.

Bromodialone (Roban) hi a tlang (cake) a hman chi a ni a, tin, a powder a hman tur chi pawh

a awm bawk a. Tin, tun hnai deuh a]ang khan Bromodialone ang chi sazu Tûr hman ]an a ni

bawk a, chu chu Coumatetralyl (Rneumin) tih a ni. Hemi Tûr hi buhfaite nen a inpawlh sa in,

chah nghal mai theiha siam a ni a, tin, a powder a siam, sazu kawng]uma phul tur chi a awm

bawk a ni.

Tûr-dum (Zinc Phosphide) hi a thawk chak a. Hemi Tûr ei sazu chu Tûr an ei a]anga ni

2/1 velah an thi ]hin. Tin, chawplehchilh a thi nghal maite pawh an awm bawk. Roban leh

Racumin te erawh hi chu an thawk muang a, sazu in an ei a]anga ni 5/6 velah an thi ]hin a.

Amaherawhchu, sazu in hemi Tûr an ei hnu hi chuan, an thih hma chu thil dang an ei peih

tawh ]hin lo a, an pum chhunga thiput reh theilo avangin an thi mai ]hin. Tûr-dum hi mihring

leh ran tan a hlauhawm in thihna a thlen thei a, chuvangin a nazawng in hralh chhuah an ni lo.

Roban leh Racumin te erawh hi chu mihring leh ran lakah an him zawk a ni.

Tûr chah (bait) siam dan :-

1. Tûr-dum (Zinc Phosphide):

Tûr-dum hi sarang ip te tak te-ah, gram 10 leka fun thliah thliah a ni a. Tunhma deuhte

kha chuan a ]inte pawhin a awm ]hin bawk a. Hemi sarang ip khat hi ]hen darh tawh lo in, Tûr

chah (bait) chu hetiang hian siam tur a ni:-

Buhfai/Vaimim fang ) - 480 gms (kg. chanve aia tam lo)

Hriak (Badam/Nihawi/Vawk) - 10 ml.

Tûr-dum (Zinc Phosphide) - 10 gms (ip khat)

500 gms. (kg. chanve)

Buhfai emaw, Vaimim fang emaw chu uluk takin hriak hian bual tur a ni a. Chutah

Tûr-dum chu rual taka kai kim turin phul tur a ni. Hriak hian Tûr hi buhfai/ vaimimah chuan a

bei ngheh tir dawn a ni. Tichuan kan Tûr chah siam chu thirfiante hnih (2) zelin, lehkha in fun

ZORAM LONEITU

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tur a ni. Hemi Tûr chah kan siam a]ang hian a chah fun 34 emaw 35 emaw kan siam chhuak

thei ang.

Hriak kan tarlan khawi emaw ber khi

hman hram hram tum tur a ni a, a chhan

chu a rim a na lo a, sazu in an ei duh bik a

ni. An]am Tel hi chu a rim a nat avangin

hman loh hram hram theih nise a ]ha. A

chawhpawlh tur tehkhawng hrang hrangte

hi zawm hram hram si sela. Tin, chaw

chhum hmin tharlam, la saah chuan Tûr hi

pawlh loh tur a ni. A chhan chu Tur chakna

kha chaw sa khan a tihnep ]hin avangin.

A chah fun te te hi thlawhhma leh

loah chuan, vau sirah, hlam 5 (meter 10)

dan vel zelah dah thliah thliah tur a ni a.

Tin, thlawhlai hmun remchangah, a khat

tawka dah bawk tur a ni. Mauthei sahthlau,

sazu vah tlang theih a kaw tlang chhungah

te, lung hnuaiah emaw, thingtuluang

hnuaiah te emaw, changel kawr a khuh

hnuaiahte emaw a chah hi dah tur a ni a.

Nisa em theihah leh ruahtuiin a chiahpiah

theihna hmunahte chuan dah loh tur a ni.

2. Roban Cake (Tûr tlang):

Fun khat hi grm 100 zel a rit a ni a,

hmun 6 a phel thei turin a in rin hrang

thliah ]hin. Sazu ei duh tur in chawhpawlh

sa vek a ni a, phel diat diat in, sazu kaw

bulah te, an kawng]um leh an hmuh mai

theihna tur hmunah te dah darh mai tur a

ni. Kut lawng a khawih mai

ngam a ni a, tin, rannung dangin an ei duh

meuh lo a, ui leh ranvulh dang tan pawh

hlauhawm tham a ei a har a ni.

3. Racumin (Tûr chah):

Fun khat hi gram 100 zel a rit a ni a.

Sazu Tûr leh buhfai leh thil dang inpawlh sa

a ni a, sawngbawl hran ngai lo a chah nghal

mai theih a ni.

4. Racumin Tracking Powder (Tûr

dip):

He Tûr hi sazu kawng]um leh an vah

velna hmun a phul chi a ni a. Hetia an vah

velna a]ang hian an ke leh an hmulah te a

kai a, chu chu an inliah zawngin Tûr hi an ei

tel ]hin a ni. Tin, sazu tui in tur

chah/chhawpah te pawh phul theih a ni

bawk.

Sazu hrai dan:

Sazu hrai dawn chuan Tûr chi khat

ngawr ngawr hi chuan duhthusam a thlen

thei ]hin lo a. A chhan chu Tûr-dum hi chah

a]anga ni 2 hnuah chuan sazu hian an hlau

hman ]hin a. Tûr-dum hlau sazu thi bangte

hrai nan hian Roban (Tûr-tlang) emaw,

Racumin emaw hi hman zui a ]ha. Tin,

Roban (Tûr-tlang) leh Racumin te hi Tûr-

dum telloa a mala hman dawn chuan an

man a to a, chuvang chuan Tûr-dum nen

hian hman kawp hi a ]ha ber a.

Amaherawhchu, in leh a velah chuan Tûr-

dum hi hman tel a ngai lo a, lo leh huanah

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te erawh chuan Tûr-dum hi hman tel ngei

tur a ni.

Sazu hrai dawn chuan Khawnawt in

emaw, zau khat amite emaw tal in, a huho

a hrai hi a sawt ber a. Mimal in mahni lo/

huan emaw chauh kan hrai chuan, lo hrai

hlum ]euh pawh ni ila, ]henawm a sazu te

kha kan lo/huanah an rawn pem leh mai

]hin a ni.

Sazu chu hetiang hian hrai tur a ni:-

Ni (Zan) 1-na

Tûr tel lo in, sazu tih vir nan, buhfai

leh eitur dangte chu sazu hraina

hmun turah chuan theh darh tur a ni.

Ni (Zan) 3-na

Tûr-dum hmanga chah (bait) siam

chuan sazu chu hrai tur a ni.

Ni (Zan) 5-na

Sazu thi ruang leh Tûr an eibangte

chu khawn/vai khawm a hmun him a

phumbo vek tur a ni.

Ni (Zan) 6-na a]angin

Roban emaw, Racumin emaw in

sazu te chu hrai zawm tur a ni a.

Hetah hi chuan sazu ruang leh Tûr te

hi vai/khawn khawm a ngai tawh lo

a. A ]ul dan a zirin heng Tûr te hi

hman chhunzawm zel tur a ni.

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AGRICULTURE HI KA NUNNA A NI

J. Lalpuithanga Sailo

A.E.O(Rtd.)

Mihring tungchho a kal reng reng

hian kan nunna chu Agriculture hi a ni.

Nitin eng hun lai pawhin mamawh loh hun

lai kan nei lo, hnam fing leh ram changkang

zawkte chuan an hriat êm êm, avangin

Agricutlrue-a intodelh hi tih makmawhah

an ngai a; ram hmasawnna kan sawi zawng

zawngte hi ti hlawhtling turin a hmasain

Agriculture tih changkan hi a ]ul a ni.

Sorkara thawkte leh nitin kut hnathawkte

rinawm leh taihmak a ngai a ni. Zofaten lal

kan neih hunlai ni zawng zawngah khan

]ampuiah lo chuan hawpkhawp thar loh lai

an nei lo ti ila, kan tisual tam lo ang. Tunah

engvanga heti êm êma intodelh lo a - state

dang thawhchhuah sa ring a kan awm reng,

a bul a]anga in enchian a ngai a ni lo maw?

Rinawmna leh taihmakna tel lo chuan

hlawhtlinna tak tak hi a harsa a ni. Ti thei

ten pawm leh hnuka an khawsak laiin keini

kawla ni chhuak chhiara vaihlenhlo

]henawmte hian mei alh kan en a ni deuh

reng mai lo maw? Min thlahtute mahni

inchawm zo a rinawm taka hna an thawh

avangin tuna keini ]hang]harte hi min rawn

din a ni.

Chuvangin, hnam hruaitute hian min

ngaih pawimawh hle hi a hun hle in a lang.

Mihring kan pung zel a, nitin a kan

mamawh a pung tulh tulh mai a ni. Zoram

hi hectares 21,00,000 vela zau a ni a, chutah

chuan leileta siam theih ram zawl hectares

50,000 zet chu awm a ngaih a ni. Buh thar

theihna tura siam tawh hmun zawl chu

hectares 20,000 vel ni tawh a sawi a ni a,

]uan]ha takin kan bei nasa mai dawn emaw

ka ti a! Tlangram lo kan neih zau lam hi

hectares 10,000 vel a ni tawh a, hna dang

nei loa awmte chu ]an nasat a ngai a ni.

Tlangram lo ah hectare 1 (khat) ah ton 1

(khat) vel a thar ber a, leiletah chuan

hactare 1 (khat) ah ton 2(hnih) a thar ber a

ni, kum 1 (khat) a vawi 2(hnih) thar leh

thlai dang Huairuai/Dal emaw te chin

nachang hre phei ilangin hmunzawl hi a

hlawk êm êm a ni. Mahse, hmunzawl - leilet

siamna hmun hi luikam/ram hniam lam a

nih avangin a thawh a hautakin a lum deuh

zel a ni. Fatu tur pawh hian lo neitute

dinhmun leh harsatna hre pha tak tak hi

loneitu ten kan mamawh chu an ni fo. Fur

lai ngeiin emaw Agricultrue Field Visit-a

thlama zankhat tal riak ten ruahman sak

sela, hulhliap ringawta siam ai chuan an

thlir thiamin ka ring ]hin. Theih phei sela,

helam chi reng reng chu he Department

hian pu selangin a zia awmin ka ring ]hin.

Mahni thawhchhuah nilo a inhrai puar a,

helam chianna nei silo chu - hmanlai kha a

ni tawh lo, ram hmasawn zawk ten

ZORAM LONEITU

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Fertilizers an hman tam vei nen, Keini tan

erawh chuan ‘Van a rah’ a ang ta mai si a.

Thlai, Fertilizers a chawm loh kan han sawi

mawi chawpte hi inenchian a ]ha em? Thlai

venna (Insecticides/Pesticides) hman

lohnate chu sawi se a awm ang. Sawi nawn

leh ilangin, ram a harsa tulh tulh a, kan

hmun zawl neih te kuta bawngtuthlawh etc.

ringawt a enkawl ai chuan kan Chief

Minister Pu Denga (R.I.P) huna Bull Dozers

kan hmang thei ang khan ram rem zawng

zawng hi kan vai hma dawn emaw ka lo ti a!

Hetiang hi a ni rih ta si a, thil dangah

pawtpeng loin - tun hi thleng ta sela,

hmasawnna a lang thamin ka ring. Mual

nuam ]ha deuh chu Wet Rice Cultivation-ah

buatsaih zui bawk ilangin, permanent

cultivation khaw tinah tam zawkin kan neih

vat mai ka ring ]hin. Agriculture hna hi

Zoram atan chuan Science hna pawimawh a

ni, namnul mai mai chi a nih loh avangin

rilru tak pawh sen a ngai a ni.

He Department ngei hian hmun rem

deuh deuh zau deuhah chuan Jeepable Link

Road siam turin ruahman a ngai lutuk bawk

a ni.

Mizo mipui hian kan thlir chian a

ngai ngawt mai. Bial tin hi hetiang khawpa

inelna nei thei turin thingtlang lo nei mite

tur thiam a ngai ta a ni; Biocultures te kan

sawi fote hi Zokhaw lam hian hneh taka kan

hman hlan a nghahhlelhawm hle a ni, ram a

phul zel.

Agriculture hi kan nunna a ni, mitin

hi Agriculture tello hian kan nung thei si

lova. Bial tina pawisa semte lam hian min

min khairual sela, nasa takin inel ilangin,

kan intodelh deuh lo ang maw? Thlai, Buh

te a chinna tur ram buatsaih zau a ngai zel a

ni.

ZORAM LONEITU

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REMOTE SENSING LEH AGRICULTURE INLAICHINNA

C. Rohmingliana, B.Sc

(Agri), P.G. Dip. In R.S

Remote Sensing han tih hian a huam zau thei hle a. Hetiang hian hrilhfiah han tum dawn ta

ila. Remote Sensing han tiha a awmzia ber chu thil hlawmkhat emaw, thil pianhmang lang thei

chin awm dan mak tak mai, Laboratory-a hmun leh hmuna zir ni lova, hla tak a]anga hriat theihna

hi a ni kan ti thei ang. Heng hming (Remote Sensing) hi tunlai thiamna sang zel (Technology) in a

rawn herchhuahpui a ni a, A chhan chu Satellite te leh Thlawhtheihnate hmangin he kan awmna lei

thla te hi lain, Chung thlalak (imagery leh photograph) a]angte chuan hetiang lama thiamna nei

mite chuan hriatna tam tak an pawchhuak ta ]hin a ni. Tunlai finna leh thiamna chi hrang hrang

]hang chho zel ngaihtuah a, tih hmasawn zelna avangin kum 1960 a]ang khan Remote Sensing hi a

rawn irhchhuak ta a ni.

A tawi zawngin han sawi ila Ni a]anga

eng lokalah hian atom leh molecule vir vel leh

inthen velina a siam nizung/tha, electro-

Magnetic Radiation/Energy(EMR) a pe

chhuak reng a, chu tha chakna (EMR) chuan

kan awmna lei hi a rawn thleng ta a.

Chu tha chakna lokal chu kan awmna

lei hian a ]hen a lo hip (absorb) bakah

Satellite-in a phurh thlalakna (sensor) ah a pe

chhawng (reflect) leh a, chu thlalakna chuan

kan awmna lei hi kawng hmang nei takin

hmun hrang hrang lain chu thlalak chu

Satellite Imagery an ti a ni. Heng thlalak zinga

a scale hman remchang leh lar ber chu

1:50,000 a ni.

Kan thupuia kan luh hmain Satelllite

chanchin tlem i han sawi leh lawk teh ang.

Satellite hi chi hrang hrang a awm a, chungte

chu Landsat (U.S.A), Spot (France), IRS-1A,

IRS-1B (India), SEASAT, TIROS, HCMM,

SKYLAB, SPACE SHUTTLE te leh adang te an

ni.

Heng Satellite zingah hian Indian

Remote Sensing Satellite IRS-1A, IRS- 1B leh

IRS-1C te hi han thlur bik ta ila. Kan awmna

lei a]anga 904 km. a sangah khian kalna bik

orbit neiin lei hi a hel kual a, 99

O

in a awm a,

Equator hi zing lam dar 10:00 AM-ah a

paltlang ]hin. Sensor (Thlalakna ti mai ila)

neih chu LISS-I leh LISS-II (Linear Imaging

Self Scanning System) a ni a, vawikhatah

14,800 Sq.metres vela zau ram thla a la thei a

ni.

LANDSAT Satellite hian Sensor a neihte

chu RBV (Return Beam Vidicon) te, MSS

(Multispectral Scanner) te leh TM (Thematic

mapper)te a ni a. Tin, Spot Satellite hian HRV

(High Resolution Visible Imaging System) a

phur a. Tin, Indian Remote Sensing Satellite-

ah hian LISS-I leh LISS-II leh HSS-III te a awm

a ni. Heng Satellite bakah hian Thlawhtheihna

a]angte, Radar hmang tein kan awmna lei

(ram thla) hi lak a ni bawk a, an ]angkai vek a

ni.

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Tichuan, chung thlalak, a bik takin

Satellite Imagery te hi digital number (picture

element) hmangin Computer-ah an thun

(record) a. A scale dik lo laite leh a thawi

zawnga thlalak dik lo laite siam ]hain a rawng

(colour) duhzawng te thlangin an lo

processed leh a; chutiang thlalak hrilhfiah

(interprete) awlsam thei tur anga a rawng her

danglam chu FC (False Colour Composite)

Satellite Imagery an ti a ni. Heng FC Satellite

Imagery te hi chipchiar zawka Computer

hmanga zir chian dan chi hrang hrang a awm

leh a. Chungte chu Radio imaging te, Principal

Component Analysis te leh a dang tam tak a

awm a. Hetiang lam hi sawi tur tam tak a awm

thei ang. Tichuan, heng thlalak avangte hian

hetiang lama mithiam bikte chuan a ram

awmdan te, a zau zawng te, Buh leh Bal thar

zat tur te, Thei kung hrisel leh hrisel lo te, lei a

hnawn ]hat tawk leh ]hat tawk lohte a

tlangpuiin an lo hrilhfiah thei a ni.

Tunah chuan kan thupui Remote

Sensing leh Agriculture inlaichinnaah lut

dawn ta ila. Buh leh thlai ching tur hian a

hmasa berin leilung hnawng ]ha kan

mamawh phawt a; chu chu Satellite Imagery:

False Colour Composite thlalak a]ang hian a

hriat theih ta zung zung ]hin a ni. Tin, a ram a

bua em tih te, ram chhengchia a ni em tih te,

ram ngaw ]ha tak a ni em tih te a lo hriat

theih bawk a. Chutiang hre tur chuan

Computer hmangin Model hran hranin thlalak

a siam chhuah theih a, a ]angkai hle a ni. Tin,

Radar a]anga thlalak pawh hi a ]angkaiin

awlsam zawka hrilhfiah theih nan ram pakhat

thla kha rawng hran hran leh a pianghmang

lan dan dangin an siam chhuak ]hin a ni.

Tin, lei chunglang lum dan, soil surface

temperature pawh thlalak a]ang bawkin

Sensor Thermal band rukna (wave length

10.2-12.5 mm) in a lo man chu computer-a

processed lehin chhiarkawp dan (formula)

hmangin a tlangpui a chhut chhuah theih a ni.

Tin, leileta tuipekna hmun leh tuipek

lohna hmun zau zawngte a hriat hran theihin

kan thlai chin a thar hmain a ]ha tawk em tih

te a hriat theih a. Ram changkang zawk

(Developed Country) ah chuan Satellite

thlalak hi Computer-a processed-in an hmang

]angkai em em a ni. Thlai a lo ]hat viau chuan

kha thlai a hrinna chlorophyll-in

energy/radiation a pekchhuah kha Satellite-a

Sensor Thematic Mapper-a band 2-na khan a

lo man a (wave length : 52-60 mm). Chu chu

lei lam station a]angin signal-a lo manin

Imagery an lo siam chhuak ta a. Tichuan

thlalak/imagery-a a rawng lan dan a]ang

chuan an ram chhunga thlai, entirnan, Wheat

thar zat turte kha Survey buai ngai lovin a

tlangpuia thar zat tur an lo hre lawk ta ]hin a

ni.

Tin, Thlawhtheihna a]anga thlalak

(Aerial Photograph) a]angin leilet hmuna

thlai chin mekte chu eng thlai nge a nih tih a

hriat theih zung zung a. Entirnan, Fu huan te,

Teak huan te, Mau-Phulrua nge Mautak tih te

a hriat theihin thlaite chu a hrisel em tihte leh

tui pek an mamawh em tihte a hriat theih leh

ZORAM LONEITU -

- 34 - -

a. Heng Aerial Photograph te hi a rawng

(tones) a]angte, a pianhmang a]angte leh a

hlim (shadow) a]angtein a hrilhfiah theih a.

Tin, thingkung san zawng te, lei (bridge) san

zawng te leh building san zawng te pawh

Paralax bar dan (formula)-in a chhutchhuah

theih a ni. Hetiang Thlawhtheihna ]anga

thlalak hmang hian Kum 1970 khan Indian

Scientist Dakshinamurti leh a ]hianten

Experiment an bei a. Coconut zung natna

chikhat root wilt an tih chu an hre thei a ni.

Tin, Indian Society of Remote Sensing

Organization (ISRO) leh ICAR inkawpin kum

1976 khan Anantpur District (Andra

Pradesh)-ah experiment an bei leh a. Tin,

Gujarat-a Karijan a experiment an beih leh

naah Satellite Imagery a]angin La (cotton

variety) chi li (4) ngawt an hre hrang thei

bawk a ni.

Tin, Survey of India Toposheet/ Map,

scale 1:50,000 (Zoram buai laia Sipaiin an

rawn hman lar ber ]hin kha) hmangin ram

awih dan (approximate slope percentage)a

chhut chhuah theih a. Tuna Mizoram

Agriculture Department-in Project hrang

hranga hma a lak mekah hian an hmang

]angkai em em bawk a. A hmuna kal lovin a

Project hrang hrang zau zawng (area) te chu

electronic khawl te fel ren rawn, ]ha zet mai

Planimeter hmangin emaw Dot Grid method-

in emaw chhut chuah zung zung a ni a, tlang

chhip ram chin te, buh leh thlai chin theihna

chin tur hmun te, ram ngaw atana hman tur

hmun te, terrace atana hman tur chin te a

hridt theih a. Tin, Land Capability Class (a

leilung ]hat dan) te a thliar hran theih bakah

Project huam chhunga Water Harvesting Dam

leh Dugout Pond siamna tur remchangte a

plan lawk theih bawk.

Amaherawhchu, thlalak leh Map a]ang

ringawt chuan leilung awm dan a hriat vek

theih loh avangin a hmuna kal a, Soil Profile

(Bahra khur anga laih) a]angin lei inthuahthip

awm dan, lei me/Balu lei, tlak lei, changtual

lei, leithur, lei al etc. awm dan zawng zawng

hmanraw famkim nen zir chian (study/exam)

mai bakah Laboratory-a test tur lei (Soil

Sample) lak a, test hnuah surveyed area chu

survey hmaa Satellite Imagery leh Toposheet

etc. a]anga hrilhfiahna nen khaikhin reng

chungin lei awm dan chi hrang hranga ]henin

Soil Map, etc. te siamin eng thlai nge chin tur

(recommended crop) tih te fel takin a

buatsaih theih ta ]hin a ni.

Tichuan mita hmuh phak loh leh kal

theih lohna hmun te chu hun leh tha, sum leh

pai sen vak vakna tura Remote Sensing

hmangin dawhkan a]angin Survey tak tak

hmain thil tam tak hriat tur a hriat lawk theih

a. Chumi hnu chuan a hmunah kalin chipchiar

zawk leh awlsam zawkin chu ram chu a zir

chian leh zung zung theih ta a ni. Khawvel

finna sang zelah hian keini India ram State

kilkhawr bera awmte pawh hian finna leh

hmasawnna ]hangzelah hian Remote Sensing

lamah hian hma kan sawn deuh deuh zel ka

beisei tlat a ni.

ZORAM LONEITU -

- 35 - -

Usage of bio-fertilizers for sustainable crop production

Dr. K. Laxminarayana

ICAR, Kolasib

Bio-fertilizers are preparations containing primarily active strains of specific

microorganisms, which helps in enhancing the soil feltility either by fixing atmospheric

nitrogen, solubilization/mineralization of phosphorus and potassium or decomposing organic

wastes or by augmenting plant growth by producing growth promoting substances with their

biological activities.

Advantages of bio-fertilizers

l. Helps in increased availability of

nutrients, specially the nitrogen and

phosphorus.

2. Replaces 25-30% equivalent fertilizer

cost.

3. Increases 15-30% in vegetative growth

and the grain yields by 10-40%.

4. Activates the biological activity, thereby

increases natural feltility status of soil.

5. Helps in decomposition of plant

residues, thereby minimizing C/N ratio

of soil improving soil texture and

structure, increasing water-holding

capacity. Does not have any harmful

effect on soil fertility and plant growth.

6. Helps in stimulating plant growth and

expanded root system as they secrete

various growth promoting hormones,

providing better nutrient uptake and

increased tolerance towards drought

and moisture stress.

7. These microorganisms also secretes

some fungi static and antibiotic like

substances, which reduces the incidence

of certain diseases and increase

resistance.

Nitrogen fixing bio-fertilizers like

Azotobacler and Azospirillum, BGA, P

solubilizing bacteria like Bacillus and

Pseudomonas solubilizing bacteria can be

inoculated with maize seeds to increase the

availability and to enhance the efficiency of

N, P and K fertilizers.

Effect of blue green algae on yield

performance of lowland paddy

Field experiments were conducted at

ICAR Mizoram Centre, Kolasib during kharif

2000 and 2001 seasons. The experiments

was laid out in randomized block design in

three replications with eight treatments viz.

Control, 40 kgNH ha

-1

30 kg N ha

-1

, 120 kg N

ha

-1

, BGA inoculation, 40 kg N ha

-1

+ BGA, 80

kg ha

-1

+ BGA, 120 kg N ha

-1

+ BGA. The Blue

Green Algae contains Anabaena variabilis,

Nostac muscorum, Aulosire fertilissma and

Tolypolhrix tenuis. An uniform dose of P @

80 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

at basal and N in three split

doses (1/2 at basal, 1/4 at tillering and 1/4

at panicle initiation stage) were applied as

ZORAM LONEITU

-

- 36 - -

per the treatments. Straw based culture of

Blue Green Algae was mixed with soil and

broadcasted after transplantation of the

crop. The crop was harvested at maturity

and yield parameters like no. of tillers/hill,

no. of grains/panicle, 100 grain weight,

grain yield and straw yield were recorded.

The plant samples were collected at harvest

and processed for anlyzing N concentration.

The results revealed that highest

grain yield was recorded in both the seasons

with application of 20 kg N ha

-1

+ BGA. The

increase doses of N application increases the

grain yield upto 120 kg N ha

-1

. However, the

inoculation with BGA has shown significant

response on grain yield with the application

of 80 kg N ha

-1

and further addition of N did

not show any significant response. But

paddy has shown significant response on

straw yield with the application of N up to

120 kg/ha in combination wit BGA

inoculation. It was observed that BGA

inoculation had significant response on

grain yield as compared to control.

Application of graded doses of N and BGA

inoculation has produced the grain yield

equivalent to 40 kg N ha

-1

. In conclusion,

BGA application in lowland paddy produced

the grain yield and minimizing the fertilizer

cost to an extend of 30-40 kg ha

-1

.

Table 1: Effect of graded doses of N and blue green algae on yield performance of Paddy

Treatment

2000-2001

Grain yield Straw yield

2001-2002

Grain yield Straw yield

…………………………..….…….q ha

-1

…………..………………….…….

1.

Control

37.60

108.33

39.64

112.50

2.

40 kg N ha

-1

46.50

132.40

42.58

124.31

3.

80 kg N ha

-1

50.20

145.80

45.84

147.57

4.

120 kg N ha

-1

53.10

156.60

47.84

153.37

5.

BGA inoculation

43.70

121.20

39.17

72.43

6.

40 kg N ha

-1

+ BGA

51.50

153.30

48.04

146.26

7.

80 kg N ha

-1

+ BGA

54.70

158.60

51.06

149.59

8.

120 kg N ha

-1

+ BGA

-

51.42

164.46

Mean

48.18

139.46

45.70

133.81

ZORAM LONEITU

-

- 37 - -

Effect of P solubilizing microorganism

and graded doses of P on Paddy

A field experiment was conducted

during kharif 2000 and 2001 seasons to

study the effect of P solubilizing

microorganisms on yield parameters and

uptake of P by paddy in an acid soil. The

expefiment was laid out in replications in a

randomized block design with 10

treatments viz. control, 30 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

, 60

kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

, 90 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

, Phosphorous

Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) inoculation, 30

kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

+ PSB, 60 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

+ PSB,

Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM)

inoculation, 30 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

+ VAM and 60 kg

P

2

O

5

ha

-1

+ VAM. The VAM culture was

broadcasted on the seed bed and sowing of

paddy seeds was done. However, the

seedlings were inoculation in a PSB treated

slurry by root dipping for one hour and

transplanted the seedlings as per the

treatment. A uniform dose of N@ 100 kg ha

-1

(1/2 at basal, 1/4 at tillering and 1/4 at

flowering stage) and K@40 at basal were

applied.

Table 2: Effect of P solubilizing microorganisms and graded doses of P on Paddy

Treatment

2000-2001

Grain yield Straw yield

2001-2002

Grain yield Straw yield

…………………………..….…….q ha

-1

…………..………………….…….

1.

Control

38.90

153.30

40.16

136.88

2.

30 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

44.60

141.60

45.45

143.60

3.

60 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

49.90

150.20

49.98

154.58

4.

90 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

53.30

156.00

49.86

152.78

5.

PBS inoculation

43.10

140.10

40.62

121.18

6.

30 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

+ PBS

48.70

146.30

49.17

144.98

7.

60 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

+ PBS

55.30

153.60

53.93

150.25

8.

VAM inoculation

40.10

138.40

40.94

116.01

9.

30 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

+ VAM

47.50

144.50

48.66

146.38

10.

60 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

+ VAM

50.50

150.60

52.02

146.62

Mean

47.19

147.46

47.08

141.33

It was found that the grain yield was

increased significantly with the increased

doses of P application up to 90 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

during Kharif 2000 and up to 60 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

during kharif, 2001. However, the

inoculation of rice seedlings with PSB

(Pseudomonas strata) culture and VAM

resulted in higher grain yields than the

control, may be due to solubilization of

insoluble P fractions and increased the

availability of P. Highest grain yield was

recorded in both the seasons with the

application of 60 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

and

inoculation of rice seedlings with PSB

ZORAM LONEITU

-

- 38 - -

culture. It was noticed that PSB inoculatons

and application of P up to 30 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

has produced the grain yield equivalent to

the application of 60 kg P

2

O

5

ha

-1

Bacterization of seedlings in combination

with P addition showed higher yield

response than the fungal inoculation.

Inoculation of P solubilizing

microorganisms secrete various organic

acids, such as citric, fumaric, glutamic,

glyoxalic, maleic, succinic and ketoglutaric

acids. These organic acids dissolved mineral

phosphorylated minerals that can be

attributed to form stable complexes with Ca,

Al and Fe and thus released orthophosphate

ions.

Effect of Azotobacter and Azospirillum on

Yield Performance of Maize

A field experiment was conducted in

the upland terraces during Kharif 2000 to

study the effect of Azotobacter and

Azospirillum with graded doses of N on grain

yield and N uptake of maize. The trial was

laid out in three replications in a RBD with

10 treatments. (control, 40 kg N ha

-1

, 80 kg

N ha

-1

Azotobacter inoculation, 40 kg N ha

-1

+ Azotobacter and 60 kg N ha

-1

+

Azotobacter, Azospirillum inoculation, 40 kg

N ha

-1

+ Azospirillum and 60 kg ha

-1

+

Azospirillum). An uniform doge of P @ 60 kg

P

2

O

5

ha

-1

and 40 kg K

2

O ha

-1

was applied at

basal. Maize (cv RCM 1-3) seeds were

inoculated with Azotobacter and

Azospirillum cultures separately in jaggery

slurry, shade dried and sown at a spacing of

45x30cm. The crop was harvested at

maturity and the yield attributes were

recorded. The collected plant samples were

processed and analysed for N concentration.

The results revealed that highest

grain yield (13.58 q/ha) was recorded with

the application of 60 kg N ha

-1

and

inoculation of Azotobacter. Other yield

parameters and N uptake showed similar

trend in line with the grain yield. It was

found that grain yield was increased

significantly with the application of N.

Bacterization of seeds with Azotobacter

showed highest response in terms of yield

and uptake of N as compared to

Azospirillum. Inoculation of Azotobacter and

Azospirillum with limited supply of fertilizer

N has resulted hormones such as indole

aceti acid, gibberellic acid and cytokinins

which promote vegetative growth and root

development for absorption of more

nutrients. Inoculation of these N fixing bio-

fertilizers improves the N use efficiency and

curtails the fertilizer expenditure to an

extent of 20-30 kg N ha

-1

.

ZORAM LONEITU

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- 39 - -

Table 3: Effect of Azotobacter and Azospirillum on yield parameters and uptake of N by maize

Treatment

Grain yield

Stover yield

N uptake

(q ha

-1

)

(q ha

-1

)

Grain

Stover

…….……..kg ha

-1

…….……..

1.

Control

4.68

7.32

8.05

7.61

2.

40 kg N ha

-1

8.22

13.90

18.58

25.58

3.

60 kg N ha

-1

11.38

16.68

28.91

35.03

4.

80 kg N ha

-1

12.80

18.69

34.56

40.74

5.

Azotobacter

6.75

9.04

12.83

13.74

6.

40 kg N ha

-1

+ Azotobacter

10.17

16.58

24.61

37.14

7.

60 kg N ha

-1

+ Azotobacter

13.58

19.06

36.12

43.84

8.

Azospirillum

6.09

8.96

11.33

13.62

9.

40 kg N ha

-1

+ Azospirillum

9.14

14.62

21.75

31.58

10.

60 kg N ha

-1

+ Azospirillum

11.74

17.37

30.37

38.21

CD (P=0.05)

1.41

1.26

5.77

5.47

Future Outlook

 Efficiency of different bio-fertilizers on

cereals, legumes and pulse crops has to re

studied at different locations of the

region.

 Motivation of the farmers is needed to

make them aware about the usage of bio-

fertilizers.

 Training of the headmen ofthe villages,

NGOs and other social service

organization by method and result

demonstrations on different bio-

fertilizers in necessary.

 Conducting seminars, symposia and

workshops at block level with

participation of the farmers and explain

them about the economics and cost

benefit ratio on usage of bio-fertilizers.

 Sustainability issues and resource

degradation should be treated in

isolation. Monitoring and management of

acid soils in shifting cultivated areas to

obtain sustainable crop productivity.

 Diffusion of modern technologies through

communication system i.e. well trained

extension personnel and mass media to

make awareness among the tribal

farmers.

 Need based and location specific research

keeping in view of the socio-cultural

aspects of the society is required to

enhance the sustainable crop production

in the hilly areas of the state.

In conclusion, management of soils

and crops and adoption of improved

technologies in scientific way to realize

ZORAM LONEITU

-

- 40 - -

higher crop productivity of different crops.

With the utilization of differnt bio-fertilizers,

the expenditure on fertilizers cost can be

minimized to a greater extent. Since these

microbial inoculants are non-harmful, there

is no effect on soil micro-flora and micro-

fauna. Production of organic acids and plant

growth hormones helps in enhanced crop

productivity. At present scenario, the usage

of bio-fertilizers on various crops is very

much needed to save the expenditure on

fertilizer and to improve the crop

production as well as to maintain the soil

fertility.

No development can be considered

complete unless it meets the criteria of

productivity, equity, sustainability and

environmental safety for the present and

future generations.

ZORAM LONEITU

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- 41 - -

KEIMAHNI

‘A’ PROMOTION ETC:

1. Pu C. Lalniliana, Agronomist chu Joint Director of Agriculture ah Ni 5.5.2003 khan a kaisang

a, kan lawmpui em em a ni. Directorate of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry & Minor Irrigation),

Aizawl-ah a hna hi a zawm nghal a ni.

2. Thu leh awm hma chuan, Pu L. V. Zomuana, SMS (S.S), Directorate of Agriculture, Aizawl,

chu a hna pangngai bakah Agronomist, Directorate of Agriculture, Aizawl hna thawk tura tih a

ni.

3. Thu leh awm hma chuan Pu Rohmingthanga Colney, SDAO, Champhai chu District Agril.

Officer, Champhai hna thawk tura tih a ni.

‘B’ TRANSFER & POSTING :

(a)

Sl. No

Name & Designation

Place of Transfer & Posting

1. Pu Lalrinliana, D.A.O., Aizawl East S.D.A.O., Aizawl District

District, Aizawl.

2. Pu Zahlira Hrahsel, D.A.O., Aizawl, West, Aizawl. D.A.O., Mamit District

3. Pu James Vanlalluaia, S.D.A.O., Mamit. S.D.A.O., Kawrtethawveng.

4. Pu C. Lalnithanga, S.D.A.O., Kawrtethawveng. S.D.A.O., Mamit District

5. Pu John Vanlalruata, S.D.A.O., A.S.S.O., Directorate of

Zawlnuam. Agriculture, Aizawl

6. Pu C. Lalengzauva, A.S.S.O., S.D.A.O., Zawlnuam.

Directorate of Agriculture, Aizawl.

7. Pu J. Rokima, A.S.S.O., S.D.A.O., Khawzawl.

Directorate of Agriculture, Aizawl.

8. Pu B. Ramnunsanga, A.E.O., Khawzawl A.E.O., Khawzawl Circle.

9. Pu Vanlalruata Hnamte, A.A.I., Khawzawl. S.D.A.O., Office, Khawzawl.

10. Pu C. Lalawmpuia, G/S, D.A.O., Aizawl S.D.A.O., Office, Khawzawl.

West Office, Aizawl.

11. Pi Reng]huami, G/S, D.A.O., Aizawl, Office, Aizawl. S.D.A.O., Office, Khawzawl.

12. Pu Lalremliana, Dozer Operator S.D.A.O., Office, Khawzawl.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

13. Pu Nghakliana (Kumar Pradhan), Driver S.D.A.O., Office, Khawzawl.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

ZORAM LONEITU

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- 42 - -

14. Pu Ringkoo Lalhmingthanga, G/S S.D.A.O., Office, Khawzawl.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

15. Pi Lai]anpuii, L.D.C., D.A.O., Office, Champhai. S.D.A.O., Office, Khawzawl.

16. Pu Zokhuma Varte, A.E.O., Neihbawi Farm D.A.O., Office, Aizawl.

17. Pu F. Lalbiakliana, G/S, D.A.O., Aizawl West D.A.O., Office, Aizawl.

Office, Aizawl.

18. Pu V. Thangkhuma, Peon, D.A.O., Office, Mamit. D.A.O., Office, Aizawl.

19. Pu R .Lalzuala, Peon, D.A.O., Office, Mamit. D.A.O., Office, Aizawl.

20. Pu Lalsangliana, Peon, D.A.O., Office, Champhai. D.A.O., Office, Aizawl.

21. Pi Zoramthangi, L.D.C., D.A.O., D.A.O., Office, Aizawl.

Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

22. Pu Thlacheuva, P.T.O., S.D.A.O., Office, Khawzawl. D.A.O., Office, Aizawl.

23. Pu J. C. Dingluaia, A.E.O., D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Offce,Aizawl.

24. Pu Lalchungnunga, A.E.O., D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office.

25. Pu George Lalthanngura, A.E.O., D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

26. Pu K. Laldina, H.A, D.A.O., Aizawl West Office. D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

27. Pu M. S. Dawngliana, A.A.I., D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

28. Pu T. Ngurkhuma, G/S D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

29. Pu C. Vanlalthlamuana, Officiating G/S D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

30. Pu H. Lalramhluna, G/S D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office.

31. Pu J .Lalrinliana, U.D.C. D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

32. Pi Rodingi, U.D.C., D.A.O., Aizawl West D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Office Aizawl.

33. Pi Lalnunsangi Sailo, U.D.C., D.A.O., D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Office Champhai.

ZORAM LONEITU

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- 43 - -

34. Pi Lairamthari, L.D.C., D.A.O., Aizawl West D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Office, Aizawl.

35. Pi Chanchinmawii, L.D.C., D.A.O., Aizawl West D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Office, Aizawl.

36. Pu Joseph Simon, J.E., D.A.O., Aizawl West D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Office, Aizawl.

37. Pu P. U. Laskar, T.O., D.A.O., Aizawl West D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Office, Aizawl.

38. Pu Zonunsanga, Driver, D.A.O., Aizawl West D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Office, Aizawl.

39. Pu R. Lalchhuanawma, Driver, D.A.O., Aizawl D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

West Office, Aizawl.

40. Pu Lalremliana, Dozer Operator, D.A.O., Aizawl D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

West Office, Aizawl.

41. Pi Thangchuailovi, Peon, D.A.O., Aizawl West D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Office, Aizawl.

42. Pi V. Lalpuii, Peon, D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Aizawl.

43. Pu Lalzuala, Peon, D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Aizawl.

44. Pi Tluangzeli, Gauge Reader, D,A,O,, Aizawl West D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Office, Aizawl.

45. Pu C. Lalhmangaihzuala, Dozer Handyma D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

46. Pu K. Vanlalfela, Dozer Handyman. D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

47. Pu F. Sangkhuma, Tractor Operator, D.A.O., D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

48. Pu Zokhuma, A.T.O., D.A.O., Aizawl West D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Office, Aizawl.

49. Pu R. Lalramzauva, Mech-II, D.A.O., Aizawl West D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

Office, Aizawl.

50. Pu Shia Ram Singh, Peon D.A.O., Office, Mamit.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

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51. Pu K. Vanlalrema, A.E.O., D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

52. Pu B. Lalhmuchhuaka, A.E.O., D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

53. Pu H. Neihchhunga, A.E.O., D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

54. Pu Malsawma, G/S D.A.O., D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

55. Pu R. Lalnunzira, G/S, D.A.O., D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

56. Pi B. Zoramthangi, L.D.C., D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

57. Pi Laithanpuii, L.D.C., D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

58. Pu Lalsangliana, Peon D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

59. Pi Lalfakzuali, U.D.C., D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

D.A.O., Kolasib Office, Kolasib.

60. Pu Zosangzuala, A.A.I., S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai. D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

61. Pu T. Lalhmingmawia, A.A.I., D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

62. Pu H. Lalkima, G/S, S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai. D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

63. Pu R. Lalramhluna, G/S, S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai. D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

64. Pu P. J. Denga, Assistant, S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai. D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

65. Pu K. Rodinga, A.T.O., S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai. D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

66. Pu Lalchhandama, Driver D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

67. Pu R. B. Rana, Peon, S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai. D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

68. Pu Vanlawma, Peon, S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai. D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

69. Pi Lalnunziri, Peon, S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai. D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

70. Pu Bualchhuma, Peon, S.D.A.O., Office, Champhai. D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

71. Pu K. Rodinga, Peon S.D.A.O., D.A.O., Office, Champhai.

Office, Champhai.

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72. Pu Kapnghilhlova, A.A.I., Dte. of Agriculture (CH&M.I)

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

73. Pi L. P. Lalnunpuii, U.D.C., Dte. of Agriculture (CH&M.I)

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

74. Pu Lalnghakliana, Peon, Dte. of Agriculture (CH&M.I)

D.A.O., Aizawl West Office, Aizawl.

75. Pi R. S. Lianchhungi, U.D.C., D.A.O., Office, Kolasib.

D.A.O., Lunglei Office, Lunglei.

76. Pu Chhuanvawra, U.D.C., Accountant, Account Section

Establishment Section Directorate of Agriculture,

Directorate of Agriculture(CH & M.I). Aizawl.

(b)

Aizawl East District chu District hnih-Aizawl District leh Champhai District a ]hen a ni a.

Aizawl District a Officer & Staff te chu transfer and posting a hranpa a siam a ni lova, heta hming

lang lo te chu D.A.O Aizawl hnuaia awmsa a ngaih a ni. Tin, tunhma a D.A.O Kolasib hnuai a awm

]hin Zawlnuam Sub-Division chu D.A.O Mamit hnuaiah dah a lo ni ta a, Mamit S.D.A.O.,

Zawlnuam-a Officer & Staff posting te chu hengte hi an ni :

1. S. Lalchhuanawma AEO

2. Ramfanthanga AAI

3. Lalsavunga G/S

4. M. S. Thlamuana G/S

5. Lalchhuanawma Ralte G/S

6. Thanglianchhungi IV-Grade

7. Thanglura IV-Grade

8. Hmingthana Handyman.

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(c)

Tunhma a Agliculture District i.e Aizawl East District, Aizawl West District, Lunglei

District, Chhimtuipui District, Kolasib District lo ni ]hin chu District dang Mamit District leh

Champhai District siam belh a, tih len a lo ni ta a. A Ramri (Jurisdicton) pawh siam rem a lo ni ta

a, Aizawl West District-a awm ]hin, Agriculture Circles 7 (pasarih) a hnuai a mite hi D.A.O.,

Aizawl ah ]hen felin dah fel a lo ni ta bawk :

1. Aizawl South Circle:

1. R. Rozuala, AEO

2. Lallianzara, AAI

2. Aizawl North Circle:

1. C. Lalrinliana, AEO

2. R. Ronghaka, AAI

3. H. Laltlankima, G/S

4. Lal]huamluaia, G/S

3. Muallungthu Circle:

1. R. Lalpianmawia, AEO

2. C. Thangmawia, AEO

3. R. Lalzuala, Peon

4. Sialsuk Circle

Chawkidar

2. Mangchhuana, PPO

5. Thenzawl Circle:

1. Lalchhuanmawia, Grafter

6. Sihphir Circle:

1. P. Vanlalngheta, AEO

2. Benjamin L. Ralte, G/S

3. Vanlaldina, Peon

7. Sairang Circle:

1. Lalsawmliana, AEO

2. Laldawngliana, G/S

3. Vungliana, Peon.

‘C’ SUNNA

Kan thawhpui Pi Lalfakzuali U.D.C., Kolasib District a]anga Champhai a sawn thar

chuan vanduaithlak takin 27.6.2003 khan min boral san a. Amah kan uiin a chhungte kan

tuarpui em em a ni.

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ZORAM LONEITU

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ZORAM LONEITU

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‘D’ PAWIMAWH DANG :

1. HLAWNKAWNG MINOR IRRIGATION PROJECT HAWN

Er. Beizawzi T. Azyu

SDAE, (M.I) Serchhip

Hlawnkawng Minor Irrigation Project, N. Vanlaiphai a mi chu Ni 21.5.2003 ah Dr.

O. P. Singh Director of Agriculture, Crop Husbandry & Minor Irrigation, Mizoramin a hawng

(Commissioned). He hawnna inkhawm ah hian Pu Lalrinliana, D.A.O, Aizawl Agriculture District

a ni a. Technical Report hi Er. Beizawzi T. Azyu, S.D.A.E, Serchhip in a pe.

Name of Project : Hlawnkawng M.I.Project.

N. Vanlaiphai.

Cost : Rs. 20,03,600.00

Date of commencement : 1

st

February, 1999

Date ofcompletion : 20

th

September, 2000.

Command Area : 35 Ha.

(He project vang hian 7 Ha. Buh chin nan siam belh a ni bawk.)

No. of familes : 19 families

Tuikawng sei zawng : 1780 metres

Tuikawng hi G. I. Pipes 150mm diametre leh brick lined channel a siam a ni.

He inkhawmnaah hian Pu J. Thanhranga, Chairman, Hlawnkawng zau Association chuan

lawmthu sawiin Tuikawng siam hnu ah chuan Buh thar kum tin 500 tins in a pun thu a sawi.

Dr. O. P. Singh, Director of Agiculture, Crop Husbandly & Minor Irrigation in fuihna thu

]ha tak tak a sawi a. He tuikawng ah hian tui a tam tawk a, fur a ]halin thlai a chin theih dawn a,

kum khata thlai vawihnih mai ching lovin vawithum ching a, kan chin ngai loh - Medicinal Plants

-Jeera, Methi etc. ching a, man man zawk leh dah ]hat theih ching turin loneitute a fuih a. Thlai

chin lam (Crop Production Programme) ah kei leh ka staff-te engtik lai pawhin kan inpeih reng

a ti.

N. Vanlaiphai leilet hi Kum 1900 A.D a siam ]an a ni a, 32 Ha. vel a zau ani a, kum tin Buh

4600 qtls. zet an thar ]hin.

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2. WORKSHOP-CUM-GENERAL CONFERENCE

TLUANG TAKA HMAN A NI.

R. Zothanmawia, Secretary

i/c Information and Publicity.

Mizoram Agriculture Executive Service Association (MAESA) chuan General Conference

2003 leh Workshop on Inputs Use Efficiency Dt. 9

th

-10

th

April, 2003 hian Agriculture

Conference Hall-ah an hmang mek. Hawnna Inkhawm vawiin zing dar 10:30 a neih chu

Pu R. Zoramthanga, President-in a kaihruai a, Khuallian Pu Lalthankunga, Dy. Speaker, MAESA

Sr. Adviser ni bawkin thu a sawi a, Pu K. Lal]anpuia, Gen. Secretary in lawmthu (vote of thanks)

a sawi.

Khuallian chuan kalkhawmte hma ah thu sawiin, “Politics emaw Sawrkar hna emaw kan

thawhin Pathian hna thawhpuitu kan ni a, keimahni leh kan hna te Lalpa hnenah kan kawltir tur

a ni. Kan ram neih chhunah hian kan kutkawih ngei a]ang lo chuan hlawhtlinna kan hmu dawn

lo,” a ti.

Zoram hmun hrang hrang a]anga MAESA member lokal khawmte hnenah khuallian

chuan, “Tuna Mizoram Sawrkar Policy M.I.P leh Agriculture-a Scheme dangte tihlawhtling a

Zoram ei leh bara intodelhna tur chuan Agricutlure leh Rural Development Department hnuaia

MAESA memberte hi in pawimawh ber a ni” a ti. MAF SA member lo kalte hi 100 vel zet an ni.

He Workshop ah hian Pu C. Lalniliana, Joint Director of Agriculture leh Pu Lalchhanliana,

Assistant Engineer (Minor Irrigation) te paper buatsaih an zirho a ni.

Kum 2003-2005 a MAESA hruaitu thlanna neih a ni a, heng mite hi hruaitu thlante chu an

ni :

President - Pu R.Zoramthanga, A.A.I.O.

Vice President - Pu H. Neihchhunga, A.E.O.

Gen.Secretary - Pu K. Lal]anpuia, A.A.I.

Secretary - Pu R. Zothanmawia, A/D.

i/c Information & Publicity.

Secretary - Pu Lalrammawia, V.L.W.

i/c Organisation.

Treasurer - Pu V. L. Zidinga, V.L.W

Fin.Secretary - Pu V.L.Zidinga sailo, GIS

Sr. Advisors : 1. Pu Lalthankunga, M.L.A, Deputy Speaker.

2. Pu T. Sangkunga, Joint Secretary, President, FMGE & W.

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3. AGRICULTURE MINISTER PU AICHHINGA

HOVIN AGRICULTURE FIELD OFFICERS MEETING

TLUANG TAKA NEIH ZAWH A NI.

R. Zoramthanga

Asst. Agril. Information Officer

Agricultcue Minister Pu Aichhinga hova Field Officers Meeting nihnihna chu

Agriculture Conference Hall-ah Dt. 26

th

-27

th

May, 2003 khan tluang taka neih zawh a ni.

Ni 27

th

May, 2003 , Meeting-ah khan Minor Irrigation a hmalakna leh hmalak zel

dan tur an sawihova. Agriculture Department hian Tuikawng (Minor Irrigation) Projects 105

siam zawh tawh a ni a. Ram/Leilet area 4042 Hectares a chawm thei a ni. Tunah tuikawng

(Minor Irrigation) thawh mek lai 16 Projects a ni. Heng Tuikawng (Minor Irrigation) siam

zawhna hmunah te hian Water Users Association an din zel bawk.

Agriculture Minister - Pu Aichhinga chuan, Agriculture Field Officers te chu loneitu

(farmers) leh mipuite tan an thiamna leh an hriatna hmang ]angkai a, ]an la uar sauh sauh turin

a fuih a. “Agriculture in hma kan sawn zel hi a lawmawm em em a, ei leh bar ah Mizoram a lo

intodelh theihna turin chak zawk in hma kan la zel tur a ni. Officers leh Staff hnathawk ]ha duh

lo leh thawk ]ha peih lo te chu ngaihdam an ni reng lovang a, an phu tawk ang zelin, dan dangin

an chungah disciplinay action kan la zel ang,”a ti.

Agricultrue mithiam (Scientist) engemaw zat in Mizoram ei leh bara a lo

intodelhna tur rawtna an siam a, hma lak chhunzawm zel a ni dawn a ni. Field Officers meeting

hi Pu Aichhinga, Agriculture Minister-in a nihnih hian a kaihruai a; Agriculture Commissioner

Pu R. K. Thanga'n Agriculture Minister hi a ]awiawm a, Agriculture Field Officers 90 (sawmkua)

he meetingah hian an tel a ni.

4. Administrative Department a kan hotu lian neih thar te :-

1. Pu R.K.Thanga, Commissioner and Secretary.

2. Pu T. Sangkunga, Joint Secretary.

3. Pi Sangchhin Chinzah, Under Secretary.

* Ngenna : Editor, Zoram Loneitu hnena lehkha thawnah mi

]

henkhatin due-in an rawn ti

]

hin a, tunhnu ah chuan due letter a rawn thawn tawh lo turin kan ngen a

che u.

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